جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Visual » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The visual system plays a crucial role in controlling the posture of individuals by updating information on the positions and movements that different parts of the body perform. This study aimed to investigate and compare the role of vision in balance recovery strategies between healthy, prone to injury, Coper, and chronic ankle instability (CAI).

The current research was of an applied and comparative type, which was conducted on male athletes in the age group of 18 to 30 years. Subjects were divided purposefully into four groups including CAI (n=15), Coper (n=15), prone to ankle injury (n=15), and healthy group (n=15). In this study, treadmills were used to create disturbance in the subjects’ postures in both anterior and posterior directions, and Kinovea software to record kinematic information about subjects during sudden disturbances. Paired t-test was used to compare the scores of the subjects in open and closed eyes.

The results of the paired t-test showed that in the variables of ankle oscillations, hip oscillations, and the ratio of the hip to ankle oscillations in both anterior and posterior disturbances in the groups of CAI, Coper, prone to injury, and healthy, there was a significant difference between open eyes (P=0.001) and closed eyes (P=0.001). The order of most fluctuations in all variables was from CAI group to Coper, prone to injury, and healthy, indicating the greater effectiveness of balance recovery strategies by eliminating visual feedback in the CAI group.

To summarize the research findings, compared with uninjured and Coper participants, those with CAI had less balance and more functional limitations. Therefore, in training programs for ankle sprain rehabilitation, special attention should be paid to balance recovery strategies and the role of visual feedback to control posture.

Numerous studies have investigated the effect of binaural beat stimulation on visual attention. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of binaural beats on both auditory and visual sustained attention of young people with normal hearing.

Thirty normal-hearing people with mean age of 27.77±6.85 years were divided into two groups of Sham-Binaural beat (SB, n=15) and Binaural beat-Sham (BS, n=15). The participants in each group performed the Integrated Visual and Auditory-2 Continuous Performance Test (IVA-2 CPT) twice on different days. The SB group performed the IVA-2 CPT first under sham condition and then in the presence of binaural beats. In the BS group, the order was reversed in terms of stimuli presentation. The binaural beat stimulus was an audio file that induced beats at a frequency of 16 Hz by presenting 400 and 416 Hz stimuli to the right and left ears, respectively. The sham stimulus was a pure tone of 400 HZ. A mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the means.

The results showed the significant effect of binaural beat stimulation on auditory sustained attention (p<0.001). However, its effect on visual sustained attention was not significant (p=0.061).

Stimulation with binaural beats of 16 Hz may improve the auditory sustained attention in young people with normal hearing. It cannot improve their visual sustained attention.

As a soccer referee or an assistant referee, having perfect visual skills is mandatory, which will help make quick and accurate decisions in the field of the play and during matches; however, this skill is not well studied among referrers. This study aimed to assess the visual skills of referees and assistant referees.

Men’s professional referees and assistant referees working for the Iran football federation were investigated in 2019. The visual skill investigation consists of the evaluation of static visual acuity, color vision, stereoacuity, intraocular pressure, confrontation test, and eye anatomical assessment with slit lamp. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software Version 18.

In this study, 159 men’s professional referees and assistant referees with a mean age of 35.52±5.39 were selected. The results of this study showed that 1.88% of the referees and assistant referees had color blindness dyschromatopsia) and 3.14% of them needed more follow-up examinations. The mean spherical equivalent of examined eyes was -0.42D in the right eye and -0.16 D in the left eye.

Our results showed that referees and assistant referees both had some kind of visual skill deficiencies. As visual skills are among the fundamental skills for success in referees in dynamic sports such as soccer, all of them must undergo visual skill assessments during the precompetition period to avoid any errors in judgment due to visual disturbances.

Rosai-Dorfman is a usually benign disease which is characterized by over production and accumulation of a specific type of white blood cell in the lymph nodes, most often those of the neck region. Different organs including the central nervous system may be affected in rare cases. The aim of the present manuscript is to report visual pathway disturbances measured using in a case of Rosai-Dorfman with central nervous system involvement using electroretinography and visual evoked potential techniques.Keywords: Histiocytosis; Sinus; Electroretinography; Evoked potentials; Visual.

To report the chronic effect of mustard gas exposure on visual pathway measured by visual evoked potentials.Patients and

 The present study included 150 participants in three groups. The case group included 50 patients with chronic mustard gas exposure inflicted on them during the Iran - Iraq war (1980 - 1988).  The first control group included fifty veterans of the Iran -  Iraq war with no history of exposure to mustard gas and the second control group included 50 age and sex matched participants with no history of involvement in the war. Visual evoked potentials including latency and amplitude of VEP, P100 peak wave were measured in all participants and were compared between groups.

The result of the present study showed significant delay in mean latency of VEP, P100 peak in the case group compared to both control groups, while the difference in amplitude of VEP, P100 peak was not statistically significant.

A significant delay in the latency of VEP, P100 peak among patients with a chronic history of mustard gas exposure was found, which might be due to disturbances in visual pathway caused by mustard gas exposure.Keywords: Mustard gas; Evoked potentials; Visual; Iran.

To evaluate the visual evoked potentials in patients with spastic cerebral palsy. Patients and

Fifty children with spastic cerebral palsy were selected. They were all male in age range of l0 to 13 years. The visual evoked potential using the checker board stimulation method was used to evaluate the visual pathway of patients. Latency (msec) and amplitude (μv) of VEP, P100 peak was measured for all participants. The same procedure was repeated for fifty age and sex matched healthy individuals as the control group. The results obtained in two groups were compared to look for probable differences.

There was no statistically significant difference between the case and control groups regarding their mean age. The mean latencies for VEP, P100 peak in the case and control groups were 115 ± 15 msec and 95 ± 5 msec respectively (P < 0.001). The mean amplitudes for VEP, P100 peak were 82 ± 0.7 μv and 5 ± 2.15 μv in the case and control groups respectively (P < 0.001) .

Visual evoked potential is a suitable technique to check the visual pathway of patients with spastic cerebral palsy. The pathway shows pathological changes in patients with spastic cerebral palsy, which can be monitored using visual evoked potential recording.

Sjogren’s syndrome is one of the most common autoimmune diseases. It may exist as either a primary syndrome or as a secondary syndrome associated with other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis. Patient with Sjogren’s syndrome have certain visual system involvements with dry eye being the most common type. These patients may also exhibit certain pathological changes in their retina and visual pathway. Here we report the electrophysiological recording including visual evoked potential, electro- retinography and electrooculography findings in a patient with Sjogren’s syndrome.

To study the possible effects of vibration on visual pathway using visual evoked potentials.

Fifty workers from a textile factory segment with machinery creating high levels of vibration were selected. The laborers had at least 6 years of experience in the factory segment where high vibrating machines were operating. The amplitude and latency of visual evoked potential, P100 peak was recorded for these selected workers and 50 age and sex matched controls from other sections of the factory.
Results The mean age was 27.5 ± 1.741 and 27.28 ± 1.641 in the case and control groups respectively. There was a statistically significant higher latency of the visual evoked potential, P100 peak in the case group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). No significant difference regarding the amplitude of visual evoked potential, P100 peak was observed between the two groups (P = 0.89).

Occupational vibration might have adverse effects on visual system, mainly visual pathway, causing increased latency of VEP; P100 peak measured using visual evoked potentials.

Visual impairment affects all movement aspects of children. Furthermore, moving, as the primary means of physical education, is essential for promoting health in disabled children. Therefore, the present study determined the effect of core stability exercises on the risk of falling and the quality of life in blind individuals.

In this quasi-experimental research, 30 blind male and female students were purposively selected and randomly divided into the experimental and control groups. After selecting the students and obtaining their consent to participate in the training program, Functional Reach Test (FRT) and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) were conducted before and after the intervention. The experimental group participated in a 6-week training program for three weekly 45-minute sessions. The obtained data were analyzed by univariate analysis to determine intergroup differences. Moreover, the Paired Samples t-test was applied to determine within-group differences at a significant level (α=0.05).

The achieved results suggested that after 6 weeks of training, there was a significant improvement in the risk of falling and the quality of life of the experimental group, compared to the pre-training scores of the core stability (P˂0.05); however, there was no significant change in the control group. The Independent Samples t-test revealed a significant difference between the control and experimental groups.

The core stability exercises affected the risk of falling as well as the quality of life in the studied blind individuals. Considering the importance of mobility, especially in children with visual impairments, it is recommended that core stability exercises be used as an effective method to maximize physical mobility in this group.

There are different learning styles adopted by medical education participants. The aim of this study is to investigate which learning styles and approaches are preferred to be learnt by medical students.

It is a cross‑sectional study; 320 students were selected through stratified random sampling. Visual, auditory, read/write, and kinesthetic questionnaire was used which measures dimension of learning styles and approaches.

Majority of medical students have preferred (32%) for Kinesthetic modality; 26% for Aural; Visual 21% and Reading/Writing 21%. The majority (53%) preference for Bimodal modality; 41% for Unimodal; 5% for Trimodal and 1% for Multimodal.

Medical education participants commonly used kinesthetic styles, and there is no difference among different year of study; but, in learning approach, multimodal has increased as year of studying increased. It suggests that curriculum of medical education should be revised according to result of research.

Neurofeedback is a noninvasive treatment that changes brain activity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and thereby improves performance in these children. We examined the effect of neurofeedback on perceptual organization, visual and auditory memory in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design, and control group. The sample included 20 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were selected through convenience sampling in Khorramabad, central Iran in 2017. The sample was divided into control and experimental groups. Pre-test included Rey-Osterrieth complex figure and Wechsler digit span. Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test was used to measure perceptual organization and visual memory. Wechsler digit span was used to measure auditory memory. After conducting pre-test, the experimental group participated in neurofeedback training sessions. Theta/Beta protocol was applied for all participants. The control group did not receive any intervention. Then post-test was conducted on two groups.  Neurofeedback training significantly improved visual memory (P<0.001) but neurofeedback training had no significant effect on the perceptual organization (P>0.05). Moreover, neurofeedback training enhanced auditory short-term memory and auditory working memory (P<0.05). Neurofeedback improved neurocognitive abilities in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Visual loss is a relatively rare but devastating and unpredictable complication of open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The most common cause of postoperative visual loss following cardiac surgery is ischemic optic neuropathy (ION), which is generally categorized as anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION). PION is clinically differentiated AION with a normal-appearing optic nerve head. PION is relatively more common in cases of spinal surgery and radical neck dissection, while AION appears to be more common than PION after cardiac surgery. We report a very rare case of transient bilateral visual loss due to PION in a 44-year-old man undergoing mitral valve replacement and coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Phonological awareness is an extensive skill for detecting, manipulating, or analyzing the components of oral language, apart from their referents. The phonological awareness consists of different levels from the simplest to the most difficult level. We considered two Persian phonological awareness tests (visual and auditory) with different subtests. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between the total score, subtests scores, and their differences. This cross-sectional study included 40 normal children of kindergartens in Tehran, Iran. Based on experimental research designs and cluster sampling method, the samples were selected from four preschool centers, in Tehran. We implemented the auditory and visual phonological awareness tests. The obtained data were analyzed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, the Independent t test and the Paired t test in SPSS. In spite of significant differences in the total scores (P<0.05) and the scores of some tasks such as rhyme recognition (P<0.05) and final phoneme recognition (P<0.05), there was a positive correlation between the total scores (r=0.466) and the syllable segmentation tasks (r=0.339). Comparing the results of the two tests showed that variations in the response format and task demand can change complexity of the tasks, which could lead to different scores

Cerebral dominance, also known as lateralization of brain functions, is the neurologic phenomenon in which one hemisphere dominates over the other. In humans, the majority of people are of left cerebral dominance. This study aims to derive a statistical inference between determined parameters of cerebral dominance (handedness, gender, and language skills) and the 3-dimensional visual analytic skills.
To investigate the presence of a correlation between the lateralization of brain functions and visual analytic skills. This study is purely observationally and cross-sectional in design using survey tool. Despite purely observational, proper randomization and blinding were done for the participants, to prevent coverage and selection biases among participants.
This cross-sectional survey targeted an audience of undergraduate medical students, 103 of them replied and fully completed an electronic survey. All participants were blinded to the outcome and aims of the study. The survey was created via Google Forms, and made available online for three days, on the university intranet system. Compiled data resulted in 523 pages. Statistics were done using SPSS v.20, Microsoft Excel 2016, and Shodor-Interactivate software. Referencing for this paper were retrieved via a detailed systematic review of literature databases while carrying out critical evaluation of evidence. The databases included: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar.
Males and females participated in the survey, 34 and 69 participants respectively. Approximately 88.4% of participants were right-handed. Mapped participants’ demographics included: age, gender, handedness, siblings’ and parents’ handedness, the number of siblings and birth order, and the number of spoken languages. Statistics have proven that there was no significant correlation between the 3D-visual skills and any of the tested parameters. Significance was considered at an alpha value of 0.05
The tested hypothesis regarding the presence of potential correlation between handedness (and other parameters of cerebral dominance) with the three-dimensional visual analytic skills, were proven to be non-existent.

Learning is a dominant phenomenon in human life. Learners are different from each other in terms of attitudes and cognitive styles which effect on the learning of people. In this connection, VARK learning style assess the students base their individual abilities and method for obtaining much information from environment in dimensions of visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic. Since the knowledge of learning style is highly applicable to understand and recognition of the learning concept among students, within higher education.The present study aimed to determine the Assessment of Learning style based on VARK model in the students of Qom University of Medical Sciences.
The current study is a cross-sectional design which was performed in 2015 on 279 students of Qom University of Medical Sciences. The students were already selected by a quota sampling and the data was collected via a standard questionnaire of VARK learning styles. The statistical data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics by using SPSS statistical software.
The mean age of students was 22.23±4.38 years and the mean of educational score was 16.85±1.65 that most of them were undergraduate and single students. The learning styles were effecitive with15.66%, 14.34%, 13.24%, and 9.07% respectively for aural, read/write, visual and kenesthetic. Also, 146 students (52.1%) preferred the single-modal style while 134 of students (48.8%) chose multi-modal.
According to the results which shows that the majority of the students preferred the single-modal style while approximately half of them favored multi-modal, it is suggested to use combined educational methods to achieve effective teaching and educational departments and faculty take all needs and educational styles into consideration when developing lesson plans to improve the educational quality.