جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « folate » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Many single nucleotide polymorphisms affect the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This investigation aimed to consider the frequency of the C677T single nucleotide polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in Alzheimer’s patients.

This study was conducted in two groups of control (n = 80) and patient (n = 80) with a ratio of 1: 1 male to female. Amplification-refractory mutation system-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR) method was used to study mutations and ELISA was used to measure homocysteine and the chemiluminescence method was used to measure cholesterol, vitamin B12 and folate.

Based on the results of the PCR test of the MTHFR gene, the incidence rate of mutation in the healthy allele was 44.6% and in the mutant allele was 27.9% of the total study population.

In this study, it was discovered that an increase in cholesterol levels is related with an increased risk of developing the disease, but more studies are needed to confirm this. It should also be noted that this increase is not related to the MTHFR gene polymorphism at the C677T position.

Context: 

Early diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is critical for preventing further disease progression. This study aimed to compare the serum folate and homocysteine levels in patients with HNSCC and healthy controls through a systematic review and subsequent meta-analyses.

Evidence Acquisition: 

The research question was: Is there a difference between serum folate and homocysteine levels (O) of patients with HNSCC (E) compared to healthy controls (C)? To conduct a systematic review, keywords were first identified and then searched in Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases within the period from January 2000 to November 2023. The searched studies were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and after assessing the quality of the selected articles using the Joanna Briggs Institute assessment checklist, 10 articles were finally included in the meta-analysis (nine articles for serum folate and eight for homocysteine). Due to the heterogeneity of studies, meta-analyses were conducted according to the random-effects model. Several meta-analyses were carried out because the selected articles were not uniform regarding smoking habits.

 Regardless of smoking conditions, the serum folate levels of the HNSCC patients were significantly lower than those of the control groups. Similarly, the serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher in the patient groups compared to the control groups.

 The meta-analyses in this study showed an association between serum folate and homocysteine levels with HNSCC, indicating their possible use as biomarkers for the early detection of HNSCC.

The objective of this study is to assess the association between exposure to atorvastatin (ATV) and low‑plasma folate (PF) status.

The sample consisted of patients admitted to the internal medicine service of a basic general hospital, located in Zaragoza (Spain). We adopted a pharmacoepidemiological case–control study design. For this, the number of treatment days (TDs) of all the drugs part of their treatment during the study period was obtained from each patient in the sample. The cases were comprised by the number of patient’s TDs for which PF ≤3 mg/dl and the controls by the number of patient’s TDs for which PF >3 mg/dl. To measure the strength of the association, the odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. The Chi‑square test, using the Bonferroni correction, was used to calculate the statistical significance.

The sample consisted of 640 polymedicated patients. The mean PF obtained were 8.0 ± 4.6 mg/dl and 2.1 ± 0.6 mg/dl, for the cases and controls, respectively; the total number of TDs for the cases and controls were 7615 and 57899, respectively. We obtained a U‑shaped curve when representing the dose of ATV against the corresponding ORs when comparing cases with control.

Exposure to ATV at 10 or 80 mg is associated with an augmented risk of low folate status. We recommend implementing guidelines for mandatory folic acid fortification in patients exposed to ATV doses of 10 or 80 mg.

Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy has been used as a common treatment for dermatologic diseases such as psoriasis and vitiligo and generally considered a safe form of therapy during pregnancy. Invitro photodegradation of folate after exposure to UVB radiation has been documented but studies on UVB-induced alternation of serum folate level have reported inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NB-UVB radiation on serum folate level.

In this study, serum folate levels were evaluated in patients at baseline and after 30 sessions of NB-UVB irradiation.

Twenty patients completed the study: 10 psoriasis, 7 vitiligo and 3 mycosis fungoides (patch stage). Mean serum folate level had significantly decreased from 2.76±0.59 ng/ml at baseline to 1.34±0.15 ng/ml after 30 sessions. (Mean NB-UVB cumulative dose 40.35±16.80 j/cm2, P=0.001).

Serum folate levels may decrease after long-term NB-UVB phototherapy in patients with skin disorders.

Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common painful oral mucosal conditions seen among patients. This study aimed to compare the vitamin B12 and folate intake in RAS-positive patients with the control group.

In this cross-sectional study, 184 patients who were referred to Taleghani Hospital (Urmia, Iran) participated in the study. Vitamin B12 and folate serum levels were measured using Vitamin B12 Assay Kit (Siemens Healthineers Active-B12 (AB12) assay offered on the Atellica® IM Analyzer and ADVIA Centaur® CP), then oral examination of patients were taken to rule out the prevalence of RAS between participants. The serum level of vitamin B12 and folate were compared between patients with RAS and control group. The data were analyzed by IBM SPSS 20.0 (Chicago, USA).

The study subjects had significantly lower daily intake of vitamin B12 (p < 0.0001) as compared to the controls. No significant differences were observed with regard to folate intake between two groups (p = 0.579).

Our results demonstrated that patients with RAS are more likely to have lower dietary intakes of vitamin B12 than the control group, but no difference was observed between two groups concerning the folate intake. These findings suggest that consuming sufficient amounts of Vitamin B12 may be a useful strategy to reduce the number and/or duration of RAS episodes.

The relation between key enzymes in regulation of folate metabolism and male infertility is the subjectof numerous studies. We aimed to determine whether 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677Tand methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G genotypes are associated with male infertility in Iranian men andto evaluate its effect on seminal levels of folate and vitamin B12.

In this retrospective study, semen and peripheral blood samples were collected from 254men with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) and 77 normozoospermic men who attended Avicenna infertility clinic.Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was carried out in genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method for MTHFR C677T and MTRR A66G gene polymorphisms.

In MTHFR C677T, our founding showed that T carrier was conversely lower in OAT than normozoospermic men(χ2-test=7.245, P=0.02) whereas in MTRR A66G, A and G carrier showed no significant difference between the two groups(χ2-test=1.079, P=0.53). The concentration of seminal folate was not different between normozoospermic (18.83 ± 17.1 ng/ml) and OAT (16.96 ± 14.2 ng/ml) men (P=0.47). The concentration of vitamin B12 was slightly higher in normozospermicmen (522.6 ± 388.1 pg/ml) compared to OAT men (412.9 ± 303.6 pg/ml, P=0.058).

The MTHFR C677T and MTRR A66G have no effect on the concentrations of seminal folate and vitaminB12. The present study showed that two SNPs of MTRR A66G and MTHFR C677T cannot be seen as a risk factor formale factor subfertility.

Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) is a severe and persistent mental illness defined by the presence of recurrent mood episodes.Several studies have shown thatthe levels of homocysteine(Hcy)were elevated in BPAD patients, and high levels of peripheral Hcy have been associated with worse cognitive performance.

The current study aimed to examine the correlationof the level of Hcyin the serum with attention and executive functions in patients suffering from type I stable BPAD (BPAD I).

The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 170 participants in Huzhou, Zhejiang province, China, within July 2016 to December 2017.The subjects were divided into patients with schizophrenia (n=100) as the study group and healthy volunteers (n=70) as the control group. The Hcy and folic acid levels of fasting ulnar vein serum were determined using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Patient attention was evaluated by the Trail Making Test A (TMTA), and executive functions were assessed using the Trail Making Test B (TMTB) and Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT).

The mean value of serum Hcy was significantly higher in the study group than thatreported for the control group(19.01±5.83 and 11.40±4.62; P<0.001). The results of several tests of attention(59.39±19.27 and 53.26±14.82; P=0.027)and executive functions (123.75±40.60 and 107.52±29.31; P=0.013) were poorer in the study group. The serum Hcy value positively correlated with the disturbance variables of the TMTA, TMTB, and Trail Making Test. However, the duration of the Stroop-C test (SCT) and SCWT negatively correlated with the correct number of the SCT and SCWT.

The increase in the level of serum Hcy closely correlated with the impairment of attention and executive functions in patients suffering from stable BPAD I.

Down syndrome (DS) is associated with trisomy of the 21st chromosome in more than 95% cases. The extra chromosome mostly derives due to abnormal chromosomal segregation, i.e. non-disjunction, during meiosis. Earlier reports showed that abnormal folate metabolism can lead to DNA hypomethylation and abnormal chromosomal segregation. We analyzed three functional folate gene variants, namely 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase rs1805087, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase rs1801394, and reduced folate carrier 1 rs1051266, for contribution in the etiology of DS.  Ethnically matched subjects including DS probands (N=183), their parents (N=273), and controls (N=286) were recruited after obtaining informed written consent for participation. Karyotype analysis confirmed trisomy 21 in DS patients recruited. Genomic DNA, purified from peripheral blood leukocytes was used for genotyping of the target sites by PCR based methods, and data obtained was subjected to population- as well as family-based association analysis. Frequency of rs1801394 ‘G’ allele and ‘GG’ genotype was higher in DS probands (P < 0.0001). Statistically significant higher occurrence of the ‘G’ allele in parents of DS probands (P < 0.0001) and maternal bias in transmission of the “G” allele was also noticed (P < 0.0001). Genetic model analysis demonstrated rs1801394 “G” as a risk allele under both dominant and recessive models. DS probands also showed higher occurrence of rs1051266 “G” (P = 0.05). Quantitative trait analysis revealed significant negative influence of rs1805087 “A” on birth weight. Screening for rs1801394 “G” could be useful in monitoring the risk of DS, at least in the studied population.

Celiac disease (CD) is one of the most common reasons for malnutrition. This study aimed to determine the status of the micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals in children with CD.

The participants of this study included children <18 years old newly diagnosed with CD from January 2016 to December 2017 in the Clinic of Gastrointestinal and Digestive Diseases affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The diagnosis of CD was based on serological and pathologic findings. Finally, the data was analyzed using SPSS 22.

In the present study, 78 children with CD were evaluated, including 30 (38.5%) males and 48 (61.5%) females. The levels of hemoglobin and iron significantly improved after 6 months of treatment (P = 0.001). In the present study, the level of calcium was below the normal range in 5 (6.4%) patients at diagnosis. However, its level was within a normal range in all patients 6 months after the treatment. Based on the results, the level of phosphorus was low in 24 (30.7%) and 5 (6.4%) patients before and after the treatment, respectively (P = 0.001). Further, the vitamin D level was below a normal range in 66 (84.6%) and 15 (19.2%) patients at diagnosis and 6 months after the treatment, respectively (P = 0.001). On the other hand, the mean level of folic acid increased from 16.5 at diagnosis to 22.39 after 6 months of treatment (P = 0.001). Finally, the mean level of zinc also increased from 73.3 at diagnosis to 81.6 after 6 months of treatment (P = 0.001).

In general, the levels of iron, folate, vitamin D, and zinc reduced in patients with CD. In most patients, these deficiencies improved by receiving a gluten-free diet (GFD). Monitoring patients with CD is recommended for the diagnosis of micronutrient deficiencies.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and its frequency is rising in countries with low and middle incomes. The influence of diet on mammary carcinogenesis has been clearly demonstrated in animal models. Inadequate folate intake has been associated with several cancers, and low levels of serum folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 have been associated with increased breast cancer risk. The levels of folic acid, B6, and B12 in the plasma of 85 people with breast cancer were measured and compared with healthy people. A significant inverse trend was observed between folate intake (p-value=0.004) and vitamin B6 intake (p-value=0.0001) and breast cancer risk. Data from this study suggests that B vitamins, including folate, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12, may confer little or no reduction in overall risk of developing breast cancer.

Folate, also known as vitamin B9, is essential in cell metabolism and very important especially for pregnant women and lactating mothers. Natural folate is available in food but it is very unstable. Synthetic folate is generally used as an alternative to meet daily needs due to its stability, even though it has a negative effect causing a variety of metabolic disorders. Some lactic acid bacteria have been reported as being able to synthesize natural folate during the fermentation process. Lactic acid bacteria are the main microorganisms for lactic fermentation such as fermented milk, fruits, and vegetables. Milk is the most nutritious food and contains folate-binding protein, hence it is considered the ideal fermentation medium to increase folate stability during storage. Fermentation of milk with folate-producing lactic acid bacteria can be used as a technique to produce natural folate-rich fermented foods as an attempt to prevent folate deficiency without side effects to the consumers.

To assess the compliance with iron and folate supplementation, and the possibly causally associated factors, among pregnant women in western Iran. A cross-sectional study of 433 pregnant women, selected randomly amongst those (n = 8,500) attending 40 primary health care centers (PHCCs) in west Iran in 2017. A validated questionnaire was used to gather data, including demographic characteristics, the compliance with iron/folate supplementation and reasons for non-compliance. The participants’ mean age and the duration of their pregnancies when commencing supplementation were (27.86 ± 5.54y [µ ± SD]) and (23.29 ± 9.86w), respectively. The compliance was 71.6% / 28% for iron, and 81.5% / 40% for folate. The commonest causes of poor compliance were forgetfulness and side-effects. Educational status, age, and history of anemia were significantly positively associated with folate compliance. The compliance with iron was associated only with the level of education. Although the compliance with iron and folate was relatively high, most women had not started taking the supplements regularly or at the correct time, usually due to forgetting and/or experiencing adverse side-effects.

This study was conducted to assess the effects of folate supplementation on carotid intima‑media thickness (CIMT), biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress in carbamazepine‑treated epileptic children. This randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled trial was carried out in 54 epileptic children aged 2–12 years old receiving carbamazepine monotherapy. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either 5 mg folate supplements or placebo (n = 27 in each group) for 12 weeks. After the 12‑week intervention, compared with the placebo, folate supplementation resulted in a signifcant reduction in plasma homocysteine (Hcy) (changes from baseline - 2.1 ± 2.5 vs. +0.1 ± 0.4 µmol/L, P < 0.001), serum high‑sensitivity C‑reactive protein (hs‑CRP) (changes from baseline - 1.5 ± 3.5 vs. +0.4 ± 1.4 mg/L, P = 0.01), a signifcant increase in plasma nitric oxide (NO) (changes from baseline + 1.9 ± 5.8 vs. -2.0 ± 6.4 µmol/L, P = 0.02), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentrations (changes from baseline + 88.6 ± 116.0 vs. +1.8 ± 77.4 mmol/L, P = 0.002). We did not observe any signifcant effects in mean levels of left and right CIMT, maximum levels of left and right CIMT, and total glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels following the supplementation of folate compared with the placebo. Overall, folate supplementation at a dosage of 5 mg/day for 12 weeks among epileptic children receiving carbamazepine had benefcial effects on Hcy, hs‑CRP, NO, and TAC levels, but did not affect CIMT, and GSH and MDA levels.

Opium addiction is a global problem which has implicated many societies. Opium addiction and drug abuse is related to harmful consequences which affect life style, biochemical factors, and vitamins values, and also is considered as a risk for heart diseases. Folate and B12 levels are related to homocysteine and studies about their levels in opium addicts are controversial; therefore, we designed this study to evaluate B12 and folate values in opium addicts. From the Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Study (KERCADRS) which is a population-based study, we randomly selected 340 men and entered them into two groups: case (n = 170) and control group (n = 170). Then vitamin B12 and folate levels were measured. Opium addiction did not change B12 and folate levels significantly in opium addicts compared to non-addict control subjects. However, only some variables including blood pressure (BP) and diabetes positively and cigarette smoking, triglyceride (TG), alcohol, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) history negatively affected folate, and none of clinical and demographic variables influenced the B12 levels (P > 0.050). TG had significant effects on B12 and folate levels although opium addiction did not show any impact. High TG levels were accompanied by low levels of B12 and folate. Reduced B12 and folate values are accompanied by serum homocysteine elevation. As TG elevates in opium addicts, it can be considered as an important factor which affects vitamins levels and reduces their absorption. Opium addiction elevates homocysteine level, since we can conclude that homocysteine elevation in opium addicts is independent of B12 and folate levels

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic in?ammatory bowel disease. Recent studies have shown that dietary factors play an important role in the development of UC. Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) is a suitable method that analyzes quantitatively and qualitatively single foods, meals, and diets. Te aim of this study was to determine the association between INQ and UC.
Overall, 62 newly diagnosed cases with UC and 124 healthy age? and sex?matched controls were studiedin a referral hospital in Tabriz, Iran. INQ scores were calculated based on information on the usual diet that was measured by a valid and reliable Food Frequency Questionnaire consisting of 168 food items. Logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, education, smoking, Helicobacter pylori, family history of UC, appendectomy, alcohol, and total energy intake was used to estimate multivariable odds ratios (ORs).
After controlling for several covariates, we found inverse associations between UC risk and INQs of Vitamin C (OR = 0.34 [0.16–0.73]) and folate (OR = 0.11 [0.01–0.99]). In crude model of analysis, cases had a higher intake of total energy, protein, carbohydrate, total fat, saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium, and iron compared to controls, whereas controls had higher intakes of Vitamin C, Vitamin D, folate, and biotin compared to cases.
Our results indicate that enoughconsumption of Vitamin C and folate was associated with lower risk of UC.

Folate and vitamin B12 have a number of biologic roles that make them important in hematological disorders and malignancy. In the present study, we have assessed serum folate and vitamin B12 levels and their associated variables in patients with leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors.
This cross-section study investigated 98 patients (57 with leukemia, 16 lymphoma, and 25 solid tumors) between April 2015 and March 2016 in Southern Iran. Complete blood counts and serum levels of folate, vitamin B12, lactate dehydrogenase, and homocysteine were measured. Clinical characteristics of the patients were also gathered from their medical records.
Patients had the following mean serum levels: serum folate (12.27±6.69 ng/ml), vitamin B12 (331.81±183.22 pg/ml), and homocysteine (11.74±26.67 μmole/L). Vitamin B12 showed a significant negative correlation with homocysteine levels (r= -0.223, P=0.043). Overall, there were 21(21.9%) vitamin B12 and 9 (9.8%) folate deficient patients. Vitamin B12 patients had a longer remission time (time from off therapy until study entry) of 18±16.97 months compared to those with normal vitamin B12 levels (8.81±8.08 months, P=025). However, logistic regression analysis showed that only mean corpuscular volume had a significant correlation with vitamin B12 deficiency (B= -0.105, odds ratio=0.9, 95% CI: 0.819-0.990, P=0.03). None of the variables showed significant correlation with folate deficiency (P>0.05).
Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency are frequently seen in survivors of childhood malignancy, mainly due to the effects of chemotherapy. These vitamins have important roles in hematopoiesis, as well as development and maintenance of the nervous system; therefore, timely detection of their deficiencies is of utmost importance. It is highly recommended to check the serum levels of these vitamins in children who successfully survive their cancer treatments

To evaluate the effect of folate and folate plus zinc supplementation on endocrine parameters and sperm characteristics in sub fertile men.
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Electronic databases of Medline, Scopus , Google scholar and Persian databases (SID, Iran medex, Magiran, Medlib, Iran doc) were searched from 1966 to December 2016 using a set of relevant keywords including “folate or folic acid AND (infertility, infertile, sterility)”.All available randomized controlled trials (RCTs), conducted on a sample of sub fertile men with semen analyses, who took oral folic acid or folate plus zinc, were included. Data collected included endocrine parameters and sperm characteristics. Statistical analyses were done by Comprehensive Meta-analysis Version 2.
In total, seven studies were included. Six studies had sufficient data for meta-analysis. “Sperm concentration was statistically higher in men supplemented with folate than with placebo (P Folate plus zinc supplementation has a positive effect on sperm characteristics in sub fertile men. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to the important heterogeneity of the studies included in this meta-analysis. Further trials are still needed to confirm the current findings.

Migraine is a highly prevalent disorder worldwide. It affects 10–20% of the population during their lifetime. Recent studies have indicated that supplementation with folate and pyridoxine improves migraine symptoms. This study was undertaken to evaluate dietary intake of folate and pyridoxine in migraine patients and assessed their association with the frequency of migraine attacks.

This is a case–control study performed on 124 migraine patients and 130 non‑migraine subjects. Individuals’ common dietary intake was determined by using a valid semi‑quantitative 168‑item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data had been analyzed using independent t‑test using SPSS software (version 18).

In this study, we found that migraine patients had lower intake of dietary folate compared with control group, but energy and pyridoxine intake were not different between the two groups. Further analysis among men and women revealed no statistically significant changes in these relationships. In addition, we found no significant association between dietary intake of pyridoxine and folate with the frequency of migraine attacks.

Migraine patients had lower dietary intake of folate, compared with non‑migraine group subjects. There was no significant association between folate and pyridoxine intake with the frequency of migraine attacks. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.

The association between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and concentration of folate or homocysteine are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of HP infection on folate and homocysteine concentrations in patients infected with HP and healthy participants. We also assessed dietary intakes of folate, vitamins B6 and B12 in two groups. In this case-control study, 44 participants with HP-infection and 46 healthy controls were studied. Participants were recruited from those referred to the central laboratory of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Blood samples were collected to determine serum folate and homocysteine levels. The presence of both IgG and IgA in serum was considered as HP positive. Dietary intakes were assessed in all participants by 24-hour dietary recalls by trained interviewers for three days. The mean concentration of serum folate was significantly lower in HP-positive patients than in controls (8.49 nmol/L vs. 10.95 nmol/L, respectively; P=0.01). Although the mean concentration of serum homocysteine differed between groups, statistical significance was missed (HP infected patients: 9.35 µmol/L; healthy participants: 8.96 µmol/L; P=0.064). Macro- and micronutrient intakes showed no significant difference between participants with and without HP infection. In logistic regression models, there was a negative correlation between folate concentration and HP infection even after controlling for confounding factors (OR=0.82; CI95%=0.79-0.97). In this study, authors showed that a negative association presents between HP infection and serum folate concentrations, but the homocysteine status was not differed significantly between HP-positive and HP-negative participants.