جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « medicine » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a commonly recurrent inflammatory bowel disease. T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T (Treg) cell balance plays an essential role in UC progression. However, it is unknown whether curcumin chitosan microspheres (CCM) regulate the Th17/Treg cell balance.

The UC mouse model was established by administering 3% dextran sodium sulfate and treated with CCM. The influence of CCM on the Th17/Treg balance was detected using flow cytometry. Cell experiments were conducted to investigate the role and mechanism of IGF2BP1 in Th17/Treg balance.

We revealed that CCM demonstrated a significant therapeutic effect on UC. CCM obviously decreased the Th17 cell percentage but boosted the Treg cell percentage in UC mice. CCM remarkably increased the mRNA expression of Foxp3 but suppressed RORγt and interleukin-10 mRNA expression. PCR array of RNA modification-related genes revealed that the m6A binding protein IGF2BP1 was a key molecule in CCM regulation of Th17/Treg balance. IGF2BP1 overexpression dramatically repressed the CCM-induced balance of Th17/Treg cell differentiation. Mechanically, IGF2BP1 targeted LRP5 and regulated LRP5 through m6A modification. Furthermore, the silencing of LRP5 canceled the suppressive effect of IGF2BP1 on Th17/Treg cell percentage.

CCM modulated the Th17/Treg balance through IGF2BP1-mediated m6A modification, thereby alleviating UC, and providing new ideas for the treatment of UC.

Anatomical sciences are considered as the foundation of the medical education. Previously, the anatomy in medical educational environments was based on the lecture presentation and corpus dissection. Then, the newer protocols, such as teaching methods using human models, imaging, simulation, and internet-based webinars, were widely used in academic schools. In this era, the medical curriculums focused less on corpse dissection. Medical learning in the field of anatomy was basically based on the traditional approaches and presentation-based learning using the students under the teacher’s supervision. The teacher, as the class manager, can design the curriculum contents using clinical applications along with knowledge assessment. This procedure can be achieved through planning for the future and the plans ensuring the persistent development of anatomy as a relevant clinical subject in any medical curriculum.

The Islamic Maghreb, encompassing modern-day North African countries, was a vast land. It had a rich history of medical practice.  Since the beginning of the arrival of Islam in the Maghreb lands, the medical profession was common and the healers who came to this land with the Islamic armies called “fuqaha al-badan” (lit. “body jurists”), practiced the profession of medicine. The Bani Aghelab Muslim rulers pioneered hospital establishments in the Islamic Maghreb, founding the Damneh Qairwan. After them, the Touloni and Akhshidi rulers and others continued the tradition of building hospitals by building Damneh in Tripoli, Fes, Sousse, and Safaqas in today’s eastern Tunisia. Ibn Tulun also founded Atiq Hospital and Al-Asfal Hospital in Fostat, Egypt. The Muslim rulers stationed great doctors, such as Yohanna bin Maswayh, Ishaq bin Imran Israeli, Ain bin Ain, Ahmad bin Jazzar, Muhammad Jabali, Saeed bin Noufal, and Muhammad bin Abdulrahman Masri in these hospitals.This article employs a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the role and contributions of Muslims in advancing medical knowledge, institutions, and hospitals within the Islamic Maghreb. The primary research question explores the extent of Muslim influence in this development.  The findings of the study show that medicine in the Islamic Maghreb was predominantly experimental from the Muslims’ arrival until the third century of Hijri. However, between the third and fourth centuries of Hijri, in the light of the efforts of doctors, medical knowledge evolved into a science-based practice. This contributed to significant improvements in medical care, facilities, and services, as hospitals expanded and became increasingly effective.

 Nowadays, many studies discuss scholarly publishing and associated challenges, but the problem of hijacked journals has been neglected. Hijacked journals are cloned websites that mimic original journals but are managed by cybercriminals. The present study uses a topic modeling approach to analyze published papers in hijacked versions of medical journals.

 A total of 3384 papers were downloaded from 21 hijacked journals in the medical domain and analyzed by topic modeling algorithm.

 Results indicate that hijacked versions of medical journals are published in most fields of the medical domain and typically respect the primary domain of the original journal.

 The academic world is faced with the third-generation of hijacked journals, and their detection may be more complex than common ones. The usage of artificial intelligence (AI) can be a powerful tool to deal with the phenomenon.

Although observational studies are valuable sources of scientific evidence, they are prone to bias and confounding. This study aimed to assess the quality of observational studies in Traditional Persian medicine (TPM).

A systematic search was conducted in national and international databases up to the end of 2022 to identify observational studies on TPM. The quality of articles was evaluated using the STROBE checklist and CARE guidelines.

Out of the 192 articles identified, 109 met the eligible criteria for quality assessment. Cross-sectional and case-control studies had a mean STROBE score of 1.2±0.51 out of 2, with the introduction section scoring highest and the results and methods sections scoring lowest. The worst reported items in the method section involved sensitivity analyses, bias control, and management of missing data. Case reports and case series had a mean score of 1.4±0.55 out of 2, with the section on therapeutic interventions scoring the highest. Other sections like keywords, follow-up and outcomes, diagnostic assessment, patient perspective, and informed consent scored below one.

Many reviewed articles did not adhere to the recommended formatting in the evaluation tools, making it challenging to assess their quality. Having said that, the quality of observational studies in the field of TPM is a point of concern.

Acinetobacter baumannii is recognized as a predominant cause of hospital-acquired infections on a global scale. The persistent nature of these infections can be attributed to antimicrobial resistance and biofilm production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, as well as the characteristics of A. baumannii biofilms. This study was conducted on 150 patients hospitalized in medical diagnostic and healthcare service centers. The Isolates were identified using standard laboratory methods. The antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by disk diffusion susceptibility test. The ability to biofilm formation was assessed using the microplate method. Detection of bap, pbpG, csuA, plD and surA genes in the isolates was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of the total 150 clinical isolates, 40 isolates were identified as A. baumannii. 67.5% (27/40) of the isolates were multidrug-resistant patterns. There was a significant relationship between resistance and the phenotypic frequency of biofilm production ability. 4 isolates (10%), 13 isolates (32.5%) and 23 isolates (57.5%) showed weak, intermediate and strong biofilm formation respectively. The frequency of the bap, pbpG, csuA, surA, and plD genes among the isolates was 77.5%, 42.5%, 77.5%, 65%, and 100%, respectively. It is crucial to emphasize the importance of prudent antimicrobial utilization and maintaining rigorous infection prevention and control measures to prevent the escalation of antimicrobial resistance. Additionally, employing combination strategies that involve appropriate anti-pseudomonal antibiotics in conjunction with anti-biofilm agents can be a viable approach for effectively eradicating infections associated with biofilm formation.

Effective performance in online education increasingly impacts the quality of classes and, consequently, student learning outcomes. This study aims to compare satisfaction levels and learning rates between online and face-to-face methods of teaching medical physiology.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study involved 79 medical students divided into two groups. The first group received instruction on heart physiology (5 weeks, one session per week) online via the Navid system, while the second group received face-to-face instruction. At the study's conclusion, both groups underwent the same test to assess learning outcomes, and satisfaction with the teaching methods was evaluated through a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using Stata 14 statistical software, employing logistic regression and linear regression models.

The two groups differed in terms of the course studied, student nativeness, and satisfaction levels with the educational method. Satisfaction with online education was reported at 69%, compared to 65% for the face-to-face method. The average learning score for students in the online group was 12.93±0.12, while in the face-to-face group, it was 13.48±0.47. However, the linear regression model revealed no significant relationship between students' scores and specific educational methods (p=0.32). Significant relationships were observed between age, nativeness, and dormitory accommodation with satisfaction levels in online education. Conversely, none of the variables showed a significant relationship with satisfaction levels in face-to-face education.

 Both e-learning and face-to-face methods demonstrated relatively similar effects on students' learning outcomes. However, satisfaction levels with online education appear to be influenced by variables such as age, nativeness, and dormitory accommodation.

Optimal feeding of children with adequate nutrients is regarded as the most effective method for proper growth and development, which occurs rapidly during the first few years of life. In this regard, Ayurvedic nutritional supplements and herbal medicines are given in infancy and early childhood. This age group is of utmost importance in dentistry. Plants and herbal derivatives are rich sources of fluoride. Hence, monitoring of ingested fluoride levels during this stage is of utmost importance to optimize its intake and avoid toxicity. The study assessed and compared the fluoride concentration in preparations of indigenous Ayurvedic prescribed for infants, toddlers, and preschool children in Kerala, India.

In this laboratory study, three samples each of nine indigenous Ayurvedic preparations of solid, semi-solid, and liquid forms were used. Fluoride level was measured by high range fluoride colorimeter—Checker HC—Hanna Instruments, based on sodium 2-(parasulphophenylazo)-1,8- dihydroxy-3,6-naphthalene disulphonate (SPADNS) method, and recorded in parts per million (ppm).

Among powder forms, the highest fluoride concentration was observed for Gopichandanadi (2.40 ± 2.02 ppm). Among semi-solid and liquid forms, the highest concentration was found in Chyavanaprasha (1.30 ± 1.73 ppm) and Indukantham syrup (9.8 ± 0.10 ppm), respectively. The highest mean fluoride concentration was obtained from liquid forms, followed by solid forms, and the lowest one was present in semi-solid forms.

Although the concentration of fluoride varied across the various forms of preparation, none of them exceeded the safely tolerated dose (STD) of 8-16 mg/kg.

The function of bitter taste due to the existence of too much of its receptor on many extra-oral tissues is not only related to the oral cavity, but is effective in many physiological functions. More than ten centuries ago, Avicenna (980–1032 CE), a Persian physician, pointed to the effects and functions of various tastes in the body. In this research, we examined the heart medicines mentioned by Avicenna, relying on their taste, especially the bitter taste.  The books used in the case of Persian Medicine included the following: Qanun Fi al-Teb (Canon of Medicine), Manafe-al-Aghzieh va Daf-e-Mazareha and Treatise on Cardiac Drugs. In addition, articles published in English in the last 10 years were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Embase. Vasodilation, inotropic effects, cardio-protection, digital like effect, reducing the accumulation of calcium and nitric oxide in the heart, antioxidant activity, improving heart metabolism and preserving mitochondrial function after MI are some of the cardiovascular effects of Avicenna`s bitter tasting heart medicines, which are also confirmed by clinical evidences in modern investigations. The findings of this research show that the function of bitter-tasting herbal drugs in the body can have beneficial cardiovascular effects, some of which  have been proven in studies, and more researches is needed in this field.

The historical evolution of women’s participation in the male-dominated field of surgery is an increasingly vital area of study. However, scant attention has been given to the experiences and accomplishments of female vascular surgeons, particularly within the Canadian context.This historical review offers insights into the lives and careers of four pioneering female vascular surgeons in Canada: Dr. R. Paradis, Dr. J. Wong, Dr. P. Gaffiero, and Dr. J. Spelay. Through semi-structured interviews, a biography of each surgeon’s early life, training milestones, professional challenges, and career accomplishments was created. Narrative analysis of all interviews was also completed to identify themes from subjects’ collective memories and perceptions. Prominent themes included: Formative mentorship during medical training, benefiting from de-centralized fellowship selection; Limitations on practice set by family duties, Experiences of gender bias creating challenges with other healthcare professionals; and Lack of identity with the legacy of ‘the first female vascular surgeon’ in her respective province.  The landscape of vascular surgery training and the presence of women in the field have evolved significantly since the inception of this medical specialty in Canada. Consequently, the documentation of vascular surgery history and the progress made in achieving gender representation have taken on new-found significance. As the pioneering female vascular surgeons approach retirement and a new generation of surgeons join the field, lessons learned in the process of forging gender diversity in vascular surgery may be useful as diversity in other aspects of the field is sought.

Mohammad Karim Khan Kermani was one of the famous intellectuals and writers of the Qajar era. His extensive body of work covers various subjects, including medicine during his lifetime. He has also written several works drawing from his personal experiences and giving references to earlier medical and religious sources in medical science and pharmacy, as well as medicine. One notable example is his two-volume Arabic work, “Daghayegh al-Alaaj”. This study examines the content, provisions, and medical advice offered in “Daghayegh al-Alaaj” to evaluate Mohammad Karim Khan Kermani’s understanding of medical sciences and disease treatment during the Qajar period. The findings of this research reveal Mohammad Karim Khan Kermani’s considerable knowledge and expertise in medical sciences and the treatment of diseases in the Qajar period. By analyzing the text, provisions, and content of this work, we aim to answer the primary question: What is the significance of “Daghayegh al-Alaaj” in the context of medicine and disease treatment during the Qajar era?As a result of the analysis, it becomes clear that the book holds a unique place in the history of Qajar medicine due to the author’s profound knowledge of disease treatment.

The Ottoman Empire was established in the western neighboring Iran during the late 13th century and early 14th centuries. The relationship between the Ottoman Empire and Iran fluctuated between periods of peace and conflict. The migration of Iranian scholars to the Ottoman Empire is a significant aspect of the historical ties between These two country. One of these scholars was Mohammad ibn Mahmoud Shirvani who authored medical books and served different Ottoman rulers.He was born in the Shirvan region of Azerbaijan and later migrated to the Ottoman Empire. He served in the court of Sultan Mehmed II as one of the seven esteemed physicians. He continued to practice medicine and held the position of Chief Physician of Bayezid II before the year 889 AH.His works include pharmaceutical compilations like Revzat al-Atr fi’l-Tibb, ophthalmology works such as al-Murshid, and other medical compilations like Sultaniye and Yaqubiyye. These works indicate Shirvani’s extensive knowledge in various medical fields.Shirvani’s familiarity with the works of respected physicians like Avicenna and Ibn al-Baytar enriched his contributions to various medical fields. As an Iranian, he was able to draw from the works of other Iranian doctors written in Persian, benefiting from their insights. He made significant contributions to medical knowledge in the Ottoman civilization, as he facilitated the transmission of Iranian medical scholarship to the Ottoman Empire. Further research on his manuscripts and their comparison with medical texts from subsequent periods could yield valuable insights into his lasting impact on the field of medicine.

Traditional medicine refers to a set of indigenous or acquired health care practices outside the mainstream health care system in any country. A wide range of people use traditional and complementary medicine in Iran, and due to its ancient Persian origin, it is known as Persian Medicine (PM). PM is used for a wide range of people and diseases because it comprises various treatment strategies. Thus, the familiarity of healthcare providers with it seems essential for them.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of PM education on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical sciences students in Iran. In this study, an educational intervention on knowledge, attitude, and practice of Persian medicine was conducted on medical sciences students in the fifth-largest region of health education in Iran. The data were collected from 99 medical sciences students. The knowledge of these participants was evaluated and compared before and after the courses by a questionnaire scored using 5-point Likert scale.

The mean score of selected students was 25.28 before starting the course, but after completing the course, their mean score of knowledge changed significantly and reached 31.03. Although, after the course, the use and attitude of theseparticipants increased, these rises were statistically significant in a few items.

Overall, the findings of our study indicated that this course had a practical impact on medical science students’ knowledge, practice, and attitude toward PM. Accordingly, this course will improve the insight of future healthcare providers about PM.