جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کرمانشاه » در نشریات گروه « دامپزشکی »

Bartonella species are lesser-known pathogenic bacteria that infect a wide range of domestic and wild animals as well as humans. Currently, out of 40 Bartonella species/subspecies, at least 17 are associated with clinical signs in humans and animals. However, despite the zoonotic importance of bartonellosis, there is limited information about prevalence and species infecting dogs and cats in Iran. The aim of this study was molecular identification of Bartonella species in dogs and arthropods infesting them in Hamedan and Kermanshah cities in the west of Iran. Blood genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from 100 dogs (45 from Hamedan and 55 from Kermanshah) and, of 25 Ctenocphalides canis fleas, six Pulex irritans fleas and 12 Rhipecephalus sanguineus ticks collected from nine infested dogs were examined for the presence of Bartonella species. Conventional PCR targeting fragments of ITS and rpoB genes was performed, and PCR-positive samples were sequenced bidirectionally and analyzed phylogenetically. Out of 100 dogs, 14 dogs (14%, ten from Hamedan and four from Kermanshah) were found infected with Bartonella species. Nucleotide sequencing confirmed the presence of four Bartonella species in the examined population i.e. Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and Candidatus B. merieuxii in dogs. None of the examined fleas scored positive but one Rh. sanguineus tick from a blood-negative dog was infected with Bartonella DNA. Results of the present study showed the presence of different zoonotic Bartonella species in dogs of Hamedan and Kermanshah cities highlighting the importance of this vector-borne infection. Effective ectoparasite control strategies, regular examination of pet and urban dogs and cats and successful chemoprophylaxis are suggested.

Foot and mouth disease is one of the most important viral infectious diseases of livestock. It is an endemic in some geographical regions of Iran and is one of the important health and economic problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological pattern and geographic distribution of foot and mouth disease in Kermanshah province using geographic information system (GIS) over a 12-year period. Report of foot and mouth disease had been collected during 2011-2022.Then, using ArcGIS 10.6 software, the layers of specific province's divisions and information related to various parameters, including the total number of livestock's, examined, diseased, casualties and high-risk foci of the disease in the form of a descriptive table, coordinate system database Geographic (GCS) have connected to the map of the added province. Data analysis has been done based on the difference between the points involved in the disease and the degree of involvement. A significant difference has been observed in the population of ruminants between different regions of the province in the west, center and east (P < 0.05). In the cows, the highest prevalence was in the east with 17.9% and the lowest was in the center with 1.6%. In small ruminants, the highest prevalence was in the east with 19.1% and the lowest in the center with 3.8%. The occurrence of foot and mouth disease in the whole population of large and small ruminants showed a significant difference (P < 0.05). The highest was reported in 2014 and the lowest in 2013. The results of this study are useful in helping livestock health policy makers and adopting control methods, so it is necessary to be careful in recording the epidemiological codes of the GIS system and pay more attention to monitoring.

Toxocariasis is one of the most important parasitic and widespread infections which is caused by direct contact with dogs and cats or contact with sources contaminated with the parasite's eggs, such as soil and grass, in public places where dogs and cats travel, as well as the consumption of contaminated vegetables. The aim of this study was to investigate the contamination of soil and grass in different parks of Kermanshah, West of Iran, with Toxocara eggs. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 120 soil and 120 grass samples were collected from a total of 16 public parks and gardens in Kermanshah, then the parasitic contamination of soil and grass samples exanimated by flotation deposition method. Results showed that out of 16 parks studied, 15 parks were infected with Toxocara species eggs in terms of soil samples (93.7%) and 13 parks in terms of grass samples (81.2%). Also, the prevalence of infection with Toxocara species eggs was 70.8% in soil samples and 30.8% in grass samples. Rresults of this study showed that the contamination of Kermanshah parks with Toxocara species eggs is high, which increases the risk of toxocariasis in humans. Therefore, to reduce the risk of human infection, the need for control programs such as prevention of environmental contamination with parasite eggs, especially in public places such as public parks, with dog feces is recommended.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is one of the most important infectious diseases of livestock. This disease is endemic in Iran. The aim of this study was to use GIS to help control PPR over an eight-year period in Kermanshah province. Reports of PPR disease in Kermanshah province were collected over a period of 2011-2019. Using ArcGIS 10.6 software, the provincial segments were identified. The total number of livestock   infected, mortality and high risk centers were added to the descriptive table and It was connected to the province map using the Geographical Coordinate System. .Data analysis was performed based on the difference between disease incidence points, incidence rates and areas of Kermanshah province using SSPS 18 software and Fisher chi-square test.: There was a significant difference in disease incidence in different parts of the province (P <0.05). In conflict and infection centers, the highest and lowest statistics were related to the western region with 39.4%, the central region with35.9% and the eastern region with 24.6%, respectively. The highest and lowest casualties with 465 and 6 cases were related to 2012 and 2017. Due to the endemic nature of the disease in Iran, the results of this study in helping veterinary health policy makers in adopting control methods and better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the complete and comprehensive registration of the epidemiological codes of the GIS system and pay more attention to the monitoring system.

Toxoplasma gondii is one of important intracellular parasites which is prevalent in human and animals worldwide and almost one third of humans in overall they are compromised by infection with this parasite. Since toxoplasmosis can cause serious complications in humans, especially in the congenital form and in immunocompromised individuals, the identification of infectious sources will play an important role in the prevention and control of this infection. The present study was carried out in different in Kermanshah City, Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in in free-ranging chickens. One hundred and twenty serum samples from free-ranging chickens (Gallus domesticus) were tested for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies using ELIZA test with using from fully-automated LIAISON system. Three ml of venous blood was taken from the brachial vein. The blood samples were left to clot then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes. Serum samples stored at 4 ºC for 24 hours, then kept in -20 ºC until the time of testing. After fluidization of sera in the environment, 1 ml from any of samples transferred to 2 ml tubes and put in the analyzer. Twenty seven out of 120 sera (22.5%) were positive for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in serum. The results indicated broiler chickens may have a potential risk of infection with Toxoplasma gondii and have the ability to transmit the infection to humans.

Campylobacter (C.) jejuni is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in humans. Campylobacter spp. often colonize in a large amount in poultry guts. C. jejuni infection is usually caused by eating undercooked chicken. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of Campylobacter in chicken carcasses presented in Kermanshah city stores using the PCR technique. A total of 100 samples from the end of the chicken clone were prepared from live poultry markets. After preparation of the samples, DNAs were extracted by phenol-chloroform method and optical density of the nucleic acid was measured by spectrophotometer. PCR reactions were performed and positive samples were identified. Among 100 samples, frequency of Cadf, flaA and hipO was 30%, 31% and 20%, respectively. It means that 31 out of 100 samples were contaminated with Campylobacter species, 20 of which were C. jejuni (64.5%) and 10 were Campylobacter species other than C. jejuni (35.5%). Sixty nine samples were campylobacter negative, (69%). In one sample that only flaA was amplified, it seems that Cadf gene has been missed. Studies showed that the prevalence of Campylobacter species and Campylobacter jejuni infection is variable in different parts of Iran and the world. The reason has been attributed by different researchers to sampling sites of carcasses, different diagnostic techniques, sampling season and etc. According to the results, the importance of poultry meat was determined as a potential source of Campylobacter infection.

Brucellosis considers one of the most important zoonotic diseases worldwide. It frequently reports all over the world, except in those countries where animal brucellosis has been eradicated. When the incidence of brucellosis is controlled in animal reservoirs, there is a corresponding and significant decline in the incidence in humans. This study was conducted to investigate epidemiological aspects of animal brucellosis in Kermanshah province through 2009-2013. Data of vaccinating livestock and also examined tests according to year and type of livestock (cows, sheep and goat) were obtained from Veterinary Organization of Kermanshah province. According to the results of the present study, 3570 sheep, 66077 cattle and 52 goat have been evaluated between 2009 and 2013 that 397 (11.12%), 26 (0.04%) and 14 (26.92%) of each animals were positive, respectively. The highest number of cases of the disease was reported in 2011 that 247 and 10 cases of sheep and cattle were positive. Moreover, during the period of the study 3268982 sheep, 484132 cattle and 110849 goats were vaccinated. The results of the present study indicated that the prevalence of brucellosis in livestock animals in Kermanshah province is relatively low and effective control program of the disease should be recommended.

Nowadays, the entrance of heavy metals in the aquatic environment is an important and also a global environmental concern due to the indiscriminate discharging of various industrial wastewaters, which cause accumulation of heavy metals in body of aquatic animals including fishes. The present study aimed to evaluate the amount of Chromium and Vanadium in muscle tissue of Chondrostoma regium and Cyprinion macrostomum fish in Kermanshah Gharasou River in 2013. For sampling eight different places were chosen along the river and according to places of discharging municipal and industrial wastewaters. A total of 10 samples were collected from each place and all samples were analyzed for determination of Chromium and Vanadium metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Based on results, mean concentrations of Chromium and Vanadium in muscle tissue of investigating different species among all places were significantly different (P <0.05). The minimum amount of Chromium and Vanadium content was observed at the 3 and 8 sampling stations; while the maximum quantity was determined at the 6 and 8 stations. Results revealed that mean content of Vanadium at the 3, 4, 5 and 6 station was significantly lower (P <0.05) than the standard limit approved by WHO, however, at the other stations the Vanadium content was significantly higher (P <0.05) than the WHO limit. The estimated Chromium quantity of all stations was higher than the FDA and WHO standards (P <0.05). Comparing the results of the present study with findings of other researches and also existing standards (FDA and WHO) indicate high levels of Chromium and Vanadium residues in muscle tissue of fishes. High loads of Pollutants with different types of industrial and municipal wastewater in Kermanshah Gharasou River are the major cause of heavy metals residues. Therefore, it is crucial to apply practical approaches to reduce these pollutants in Gharasou River.

Dirofilariosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis، a nematode parasite. It can be transmitted by insects and distributed worldwide. Animals such as dog and cat can serve as hosts of the parasite. The aim of this study was the determination of dirofilariosis prevalence and relation between infection with age، gender، strain، season and geographical distribution in the shepherd dogs in Kermanshah province. One hundred and twenty Shepherd dogs selected randomly، the age، gender، breed and the area were recorded، and then the blood samples were taken and sent to the lab. The presence or absence of Dirofilaria immitis microfiler was examined by thick blood smear and modified knott methods. Twenty two out of 120 samples were positive (18. 3%، CI: 11. 4%-25. 3%) in Dirofilaria immitis microfiler. Fourteen male dogs (20%، CI: 10. 6%-29. 4%) and 8 female dogs (16%، CI: 5. 8%-26. 2%) were positive. The most infected rate was observed in over three-year age group and the least infected rate was observed in one and under one-year age groups. In this study 25% of the over three-year age group، 13. 3% of the one to three-year age group and 10% of the one and under one-year age groups were infected. 19. 6% of the infected dogs were hybrids and 21. 4% of the infected dogs were indigenous. The most infected rate was seen in the summer (26. 6%) and the least infected rate was seen in autumn and winter (13. 3%). In different geographical areas of the study، 13. 3% of positive samples were related to the north and the south regions، 26. 6% to the east region and 20% to the west region. There was no significant difference between the prevalence of dog dirofilariosis with none of the above factors. The presence of Dirofilaria immitis infection among dogs in Kermanshah province and the transmission possibility of the infection to human، for controlling the disease it is suggested that the loafer dogs would have to be obliterated and the effective drugs were used against the parasite in order to prevent and treat the infected ones.

Given that the capacity of vegetables and cucurbits absorption and retention has large amounts of nitrite and nitrate. Therefore, the intake of these products can threaten human health. The aim of this study was to determine nitrite and nitrate in cucurbits and vegetables cultivated in plains of sothern and eastern parts of Kermanshah. For this purpose, a total number of 330 samples was examined for determination of nitrate and nitrite. The samples were analyzed according to the instructions provided by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (No. 4106). The results showed that there are significant differences in the mean value of nitrite in vegetables and cucurbits, in the sampling locations (P<0.01). However, this difference was not significant (P>0.05) in the case of nitrate. The highest level of nitrite was estimated at 6.05±2.1 and 6.12±0.845 mg/kg in radish tubers and the lowest level was estimated at 0.1±0.022 and 0.174±0.085 mg/kg in cucumber samples in Mahidasht and Drood and Framan plains, respectively. In addition, the highest amount of nitrate in the Mahidasht plain was determined in spinach (392.11 ± 21.17 mg/kg) and in the Drood and Framan plain was observed in radish tubers (316.94 ±158.02 mg/kg). The lowest levels of nitrate in the both sampling areas were determined in tomatoes (11.42 ± 3.56 and 9.1±5.2 mg/kg, respectively). Moreover, a significant difference (P<0.01) was observed in the mean quantity of nitrate and nitrite in the different vegetables or cucurbits. It was concluded that the level of nitrite in some vegetables and cucurbits was higher than acceptable limit. Therefore, it is essential to reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizers in these areas.

This study was to determine the prevalence of Malassezia in domesti animals (cattle، sheep and goat) in Kermanshah city. This descriptive–analytic study was performed on 190 domesti animals including: 86 cattle (45%)، 56 sheep (30%) and 48 goats (25%) during 12-month period from August 2011 until July 2012. Specimens were collected by using scraping method from different parts of the body (back، ear، armpit، groin and around anus). Sabouraud Glucose Agar (SGA supplement with olive oil) was used for the sample of culture and in addition to morphological study; other tests such as Tween absorbance، catalase and esculin hydrolysis were performed to identify different species of Malassezia. Sixty-three (33%) of animals were infected with Malassezia، comprising of cattle with 61. 9% (39 cases)، sheep with 20. 63% (13 cases) and goats with 17. 46% (11 cases) respectively. The frequencies of the isolated Malassezia species included M. furfur (35%)، M. Globosa (24%)، M. slooffiae (19. 5%)، M. restrikta (11. 11)، M. pachidermatis (8%)، and M. sympodialis (3. 17%). There was such an increase in the frequency of the lipophilic species that M. furfur was، by far، the most predominant yeast isolate.