جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « antibiogram » در نشریات گروه « دامپزشکی »

Bovine clinical mastitis is an economically important disease in dairy industry worldwide resulting in reduction of milk yield and quality. Among mycotic mastitis, Candida spp. are commonly occurring opportunistic mycosis in immunocompromised animals. The micro-organism’s causing mastitis has high zoonotic potential and has been linked with rapid growth and introduction of antimicrobial resistance between animals and humans. The present study was conducted to isolate and identify the common pathogenic Candida spp. from bovine mastitis cases in India. The isolates were phenotypically characterized by culturing on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar, Hichrome Candida differential agar and germ tube production test. Antibiogram was also performed to determine their antifungal activities. The phenotypically positive isolates were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genetically analyzed by targeting 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S region specific for Candida spp. and identified the yeast at the species level. The antibiogram showed the isolates were highly sensitive with ketoconazole, clotrimazole and miconazole. The PCR assay identified C. lusitaniae and C. tropicalis based on the two distinctive amplicon sizes (592bp and 737bp) respectively. Also, the sequence analysis and phylogeny confirmed C. lusitaniae in six sequences and C. tropicalis in one sequence. It is worth noting that in this study, the species identification was consistent among PCR and genetic analysis. Therefore, the PCR based identification system of the fungal species performed in this study could be an efficient and time saving tool for early diagnosis of clinical mastitis in milch animal, which allows prompt control and application of speedy effective treatment.

Antimicrobial resistance is a critical public health issue that affects people all over the world. Since bacteria have a proclivity for rapidly acquiring and propagating the resistance gene, antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter has a negative impact on public health. As a result, the creation of new and highly pathogenic clones is facilitated, making antimicrobial treatment more challenging. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern (ARP) models, multiple drug resistance (MDR) models, and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of Campylobacter species isolated from poultry meat sold in Baghdad markets, Iraq. By employing the disc diffusion test, 30 Campylobacter strains from chicken meat, including C. jejuni (n=10) and C. coli (n=20), were exposed to tetracycline (TET), erythromycin, Gentamicin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and norfloxacin (NOR). The ARP of the Campylobacter isolates revealed up to five antibiotypes for two species, which revealed resistance to one or more antimicrobials, and 67% of them had MDR resistance to two or more experienced antimicrobials. The NOR-TET model is the most common MDR, having a prevalence of 30% among experienced isolates. In addition, the MAR index, equal to and lower than one, was found in 87% of the isolates. Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter raises the probability of treatment failure in humans and animals, as well as the propagation of antimicrobial resistance genes. As a result, the presence of Campylobacter in meat could pose a risk of human infection and pollution of the environment.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MDRSA) in animals and humans with continuous contact are a great zoonotic concern.

This cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the carriage rate, genotypic characteristics, and to determine the antibiogram of S. aureus isolated from pets and pet owners in Malaysia.

Nasal and oral swab samples from 40 cats, 30 dogs, and 70 pet owners were collected through convenient sampling. Presumptive colonies on mannitol salt agar were subjected to biochemical identification. S. aureus and MRSA were confirmed by PCR detection of nuc and mecA genes, respectively. Molecular profiles for antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in S. aureus were also determined. The antibiogram was carried out via Kirby-Bauer test using 18 antibiotics.

17.5% of cats, 20% of dogs, and 27% of pet owners were S. aureus positive. MRSA was also detected in dogs, and pet owners. S. aureus isolates displayed high resistance against penicillin (72.7%), and amoxicillin/clavulanate (66.7%). 39.4% of S. aureus isolates showed multidrug-resistance traits, phenotypically. Molecular characterization of S. aureus revealed the presence of mecA, tetk, tetL, ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, scn, chp, sak, sep, and sea genes.

This study showed the emergence of MRSA and MDRSA in pets and pet owners in Malaysia. The antibiogram findings showed resistance of S. aureus to multiple antibiotics. Furthermore, molecular analysis of immune evasion cluster (IEC) strongly suggests the spread of animal-adapted S. aureus lineages among pets and pet owners.

Yolk sac infection (YSI) and colibacillosis are the most common infectious diseases that lead to high rates of early chick mortalities (ECMs) in young chicks. In this study, by referring to the Mashhad Veterinary Laboratory, one hundred chicks from different poultry farms sent to the Veterinary Laboratory, were examined and sampling was performed. All specimens without a history of antibiotic use were gradually transferred to a laboratory to be cultured from their yolk sac.

For this purpose, MacConkey culture medium and eosin methylene blue were used to grow microbes. The morphological status of the microbe was examined by slide preparation and Gram staining. Also, using biochemical culture medium, indole and methyl red index were used to identify Escherichia coli bacteria. Then, antibiogram of the isolated strains was performed to determine the susceptibility and resistance of the microbes. For this purpose, the disk diffusion method was used by Kirby Bauer method and compared with standard drug disks. Finally, based on the results, the extent of microbial contamination and their drug sensitivity were determined.

The findings showed that 40% of the samples contained Escherichia coli and the highest microbial susceptibility to Ceftiofur and gentamicin drugs was observed, such that their sensitivity was 57.5% and 60%, respectively. The three drugs of Colistine, phosphomycin and lincomycin were 30% sensitive. Oxytetracycline, Sultrim, Erythromycin, Fluorophenicol, Tiamulin and Tylosin showed more than 90% drug resistance. Also, other antibiotics had different degrees of drug resistance and in addition, multidrug resistance has been observed in abundance.

Since the indiscriminate use of antibiotics has caused high drug resistance in chickens, it is necessary to minimize the occurrence of microbial contamination by observing hygienic conditions and appropriate disinfection. Also, the prescription of drugs should only be done by a veterinarian and based on the antibiogram.

Salmonella spp. are zoonotic enteric bacteria able to infect humans، livestock and wildlife. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella (spp.) and to determine antibiotic susceptibility، serogrouping and presence of invA gene (Salmonella Invasion Gene A) in the detected strains in wild captive herbivores in Iran. The fecal samples of 103 animals from 8 different species were evaluated for presence of the Salmonella. Results indicated that 9. 7% of animals were positive for Salmonella، all of these strains belonged to D serogroup، also all the Salmonella strains harbored invA gene. In vitro antibiotic activities of 10 antibiotic substances against the isolates were determined by disc diffusion test. The highest rate of resistance was against Amoxicillin (100%)، Tetracycline (80%)، Neomycin (60%)، Lincospectin (50%) and Enrofloxacin (40%)، Resistance to Furazolidone wasn’t observed. In conclusion، these species can act as a reservoir for Salmonella. Also، since the study was conducted in some parts of Iran، a more accurate conclusion needs more distributed sampling. To our knowledge this is the first study which reports the fecal shedding of Salmonella from Cervus elaphus، Capra aegarus، Oryx leucoryx، Ammotragus lervia and Lama glama in Iran.