جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "electrocardiogram" در نشریات گروه "دامپزشکی"

Today, respiratory diseases are one of the most common problems in animals and humans. One of the methods to control respiratory diseases is the use of bronchodilator drugs such as salbutamol and formoterol. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of salbutamol and formoterol on electrocardiogram, blood pressure, potassium and glucose changes in dogs. For this purpose, fifteen male adult dogs were used. After a health check, animals were divided into three groups: control, salbutamol and formoterol. Treatment groups were inhaled daily with a single dose of one puff twice daily (morning and night) for 7 days. Finally, 4 hours after the last administration, electrocardiogram, blood pressure and arterial oxygen saturation were measured. Then, blood samples were taken from cephalic vein (5 ml) to measure blood potassium and glucose levels. Results showed that Administration of salbutamol caused a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, while formoterol caused a significant increase in blood pressure. Salbutamol and formoterol significantly increased heart rate. Blood potassium level as well as RR interval in electrocardiogram were significantly reduced in the groups treated with both drugs compared with the control group. The group treated with salbutamol showed a significant increase in blood glucose compared with the control group. According to the results, administration of salbutamol and formoterol reduced potassium unlike glucose. Salbutamol also was more effective than formotrol on cardiac effects and arrhythmogenic potential. Therefore, the administration of salbutamol and formoterol in cardiac or diabetic patients should be treated with caution and control.

Carbamazepine is used as an anticonvulsant drug in the treatment of simple slight convulsion and generalized tonic-clonic, trigeminal neuralgia, and also as preventive agent in manic depressive. Carbamazepine reduces synaptic transmission by prolonging the inactivity of cellular sodium-potassium pump. Considering the clinical use of carbamazepine, the current study aimed to evaluate its cardiac effects in dogs. In this experimental-interventional study, fourteen native 1.5-2 years old female mixed breed dogs were procured and after laboratory testing and physical examination to ensure their general health status, they were divided into treatment and control groups (7 dogs in each group). On day zero, before drug administration, the electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and blood pressure was recorded. Both groups were maintained in the same conditions and carbamazepine was given orally to the treatment group for 7 days (with a dose of 8 mg/kg). After completing the administration period, the electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and blood pressure was obtained once again and the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Blood pressure was significantly reduced in the treatment group (p<0.05). Significant changes were also induced by carbamazepine in the dogs’ electrocardiogram and echocardiogram (p<0.05). According to the results of the current study, it was found that carbamazepine could decrease blood pressure and induce notable alterations in the electrocardiogram and echocardiogram of dogs.

Hemorrhagic shock remains one of the leading causes of death following multiple organ ischemic injuries in dogs. The aim of this study was to compare tissue perfusion and electrocardiographic parameters in experimentally induced acute hemorrhagic shock in dogs before and after resuscitation with the lactated ringer and hydroxyethyl starch 6% solutions. The parameters of tissue perfusion included the gingival mucosal color, CRT, peripheral pulse quality, appendage temperature, serum lactate concentration, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure and urine output plus ECG were evaluated in ten male adult healthy mongrel dogs which instrumented, and anesthetized (control measurement). Hemorrhage was performed with removal of up to 60% of blood volume to keep MAP between 40 and 50 mm Hg (second set of measurements). After a 30- minute stabilization period in hemorrhagic shock condition, the third set of measurements was performed. The dogs were randomly assigned to two study groups which received lactated ringer or hydroxyethyl starch solutions, 20 or 5 ml/kg respectively in four consecutive 15 –min periods (fourth to seventh measurements). One hour after the last resuscitation stage, the dogs were monitored and at the end of this time, an eighth evaluation step was carried out. Time induced a significant effect on heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, appendage temperature, urine output, serum lactate concentration, R wave amplitude and Q-T interval. While solution type had a significant effect on serum lactate concentration, urine output and P wave amplitude. The results of this study showed that each of lactated ringer and hydroxyethyl starch solutions, has no significant effect in the short term on tissue perfusion and electrocardiogram parameters in hemorrhagic shock resuscitated dogs.

To evaluate electrocardiogram and some serum biochemical alterations after ileocystoplasty, ten healthy adult mixed breed dogs of both sexes (7 males and 3 females), weighing between 15-24 kg were selected. The animals randomly divided into equal treatment and control groups. In treatment group, partial cytectomy resecting 50 percent of the urinary and immediate ileocystoplasty was performed by Lamesch and Dociu technique and in control group an ileal segment resection and intestinal tract re-anastomosis was achieved without partial cystectomy and ileocystoplasty. Blood samples for measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, uric acid, calcium, phosphorus, chlorine, sodium and potassium were taken before surgery and repeated at day 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 after operation. Electrocardiograms were recorded before surgery and at days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 after surgery too. The results showed some significant increase in blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, and phosphorus. Other biochemical parameters did not reveal any significant alterations. The electrocardiograms did not show any arrhythmias and irregularities. In spite of some serum biochemical changes, it can be concluded that ileum is an ideal part for augmentation cystoplasty in dogs and at least in this study the serum biochemical changes did not show any significant effects in electrocardiogram.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) was detected as an incidental finding in a 14 years old brood mare horse which was maintained for student education in the teaching hospital، Faculty of Veterinary Medicine، Mashhad. Irregular heart rhythm، variable intensity of heart sounds and «f» waves were revealed in clinical examination and electrocardiography. Hematology showed normal values and hyponutremia was observed in serum biochemical analysis. Treatment of the horse was done with oral administration of quinidine sulfate (200 mg tabs). Normal rhythm was appeared after 24 hours of treatment. Herein، we have discussed the etiology and the treatment procedure of this dysrhythmia.

Hemiscorpius lepturus is the most dangerous scorpion species, endemic in Khuzestan province and other southwestern areas of Iran, causing morbidity and mortality in children and adults. The efficacy of the antivenom for reversal of manifestation caused by venom of this scorpion is a controversial issue. In the present work, H. lepturus venom (1500 µg/kg) was subcutaneously injected into two separate groups of rabbits. Groups 1 and 2 of rabbits received antivenom through i. v route, at 1 and 3 hours after venom injection respectively. Electrocardiograms of all the rabbits recorded during the experiment. In group 1 rabbits blood collection carried out, before and 1 hr after venom injection as well as 3 and 24 hours after antivenom injection. In group2 animals, blood collection was carried out before and 3 hours after venom injection as well as 3 and 24 hours after antivenom injection. Separated serum used for determination of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatine kinase isoenzyme, MB (CK-MB), urea، creatinine and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN). In group 1 rabbits highly significant (P<0. 01) increase in level of CPK, CK-MB and significant (P<0. 05) increase in level of urea, creatinine and BUN within 3 and 24 hours after antivenom injection was observed. In group 2, highly significant (P<0. 01) elevated level of CPK, CK-MB and significant (P<0. 05) elevated level of urea and creatinine within 3 hours after antivenom injection was observed. Moreover, highly significant (P<0. 01) elevated level of CPK, CKMB and AST and significant (P<0. 05) elevated level of rest of the biochemical parameters within 24 hours after antivenom injection was observed. On the other hand, in these groups, electrocardiogram abnormalities such as ST elevation and sinus bradycardia in limb lead II, were indicator of a mild cardiac injury. In conclusion, results obtained in this study indicate that the efficacy of antivenom for reversal of cytotoxic manifestations occurring after envenomation is time limited. Therefore, it is recommended to use antivenom as early as possible before the occurrence of serious cytotoxic effect on various organs.

Hemiscorpius lepturus is medically important scorpion species present in the south and southwest part of Iran, causing morbidity and mortality in children and adults. Unlike other scorpions studied so far, the venom of H. lepturus is highly cytotoxic, that can be a reason for its complexity in clinical manifestations in patients stung by this scorpion. Scarce studies showed the mechanism involved in envenomation by H. lepturus. In the present study, H. lepturus venom in three doses of 50, 500 and 1500 μg/kg were subcutaneously injected into three separate groups of rabbits. Electrocardiograms of all the rabbits were recorded during the experiment. Blood collection was carried out before, one and three hours after venom injection. Serum was used for determination of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urea, creatinine, BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB). In group 1 rabbits although some change were observed in serum biochemical parameters following venom injection but statistically the changes were not significant. In group 2 rabbits significant (P<0.05) increase in LDH, BUN, urea and creatinine was observed 3 hrs after venom (500 μg/kg) injection. In group 3, the venom injection caused highly significant (P<0.01) elevated level of BUN, creatinine, CPK and CK-MB and significant (P<0.05) elevated level of rest of the biochemical parameters. On the other hand, in this group, electrocardiogram abnormalities such as ST elevation and sinus bradycardia in limb lead II, were indicator of a mild cardiac injury. In conclusion, it seems that the venom of H. lepturus has the cytotoxic components that severely affecting the organs kidney and liver directly and its mechanism of action is quite different from scorpions in buthidea family.

Seventy seven adult large mixed breed dogs of either sex were included in this study. The animals were randomly divided into four groups and received the following drug combinations intramuscularly: Group 1 xylazine (0.5 mg/kg) and acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg), Group 2 xylazine (0.8 mg/kg) and acepromazine (0.03 mg/kg), Group 3 xylazine (0.3 mg/kg) and acepromazine (0.08 mg/kg) and Group 4 xylazine (0.5 mg/kg) acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) and atropine (0.04 mg/kg). Results showed no significant differences in the P-wave and QRS complex durations, PR interval and R waves among the 4 groups. QT interval significantly decreased following drug administration in group 4 compared to groups 1 (P = 0.03) and 3 (P = 0.004). There were significant increases in the QT interval in groups 1 (P = 0.001) and 3 (P = 0.01) after drug injections. Heart rate (HR) significantly decreased in groups 1, 2 and 3 after drug injections (P = 0.004, 0.01 and 0.03, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between HR, PR and QT intervals, and a positive correlation between HR and P-wave amplitude. There were no significant differences between all groups in the incidence of first and second degree AV blocks.

This case report describes several electrocardiographic findings in an 8-years old female Pomeranian dog that was referred with a history of digoxin overdose. Electrocardiographic abnormalities detected in this case could be classified as primary electrocardiographic disturbances، reflecting cardiac chamber enlargement and secondary ECG changes، attributed to digoxin toxicity. ECG manifestations of digoxin toxicity such as first and second degree AV blocks completely disappeared following digoxin withdrawal. Therefore، veterinarians should be aware of the possibility of digoxin toxicity due to its narrow therapeutic margins. The purpose of this report is to increase awareness of small animal practitioners about adverse cardiotoxic effects of cardiac glycosides. It also highlights the significance of electrocardiographic monitoring for diagnosis and management of digoxin induced cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in small animal patients.

Valproic acid is a fatty acid with antiseizure. Currently the salts of valproic acid are used to treat seizure, bipolar disorders and to prevent migraine in human and animals. Valproate sodium inhibits repetitive bursting action potentials of cells. Furthermore it has been shown that high concentrations of valproate can increase potassium transmission across cellular membranes while in low concentrations it can lead to cellular hyperpolarisation. Considering that there are Na and K channels on the surface of cardiomyocytes, it is probable that sodium valproate can affect these channels as well. Therefore in the present study it was attempted to investigate the effect of orally administered sodium valproate on alterations in the electrocardiogram of the cat. In this experimental study, 8 domestic short hair male cats that were selected randomly were used. valproate sodium was administered orally to all animals at the dose of 50 mg/kg daily for 3 weeks and the electrocardiogram was recorded at days 0 ( prior to drug administration) , 7, 14 and 21 during drug administration in lead II. Heart rate (HR) , P wave duration (PD) , P wave amplitude ( PA) , PR interval (PR- interval), QRS duration( QRS D), R amplitude (RA), ST segment ( ST seg.) and QT interval( QT int.) were evaluated from the electrocardiogram. The results indicate that heart rate and R amplitude(RA) at days 7, 14 and 21 had significantly increased and decreased respectively compared with day 0 (P≤0.05) . These results revealed that valproic acid induces sinus tachycardia in the cat. It is evident from this finding together with the decrease in R wave amplitude that this drug has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects and it seems that through these effects it may bring about proarrythmic effect in the cat.