جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "fungal flora" در نشریات گروه "دامپزشکی"

External otitis means swelling and inflammation of the outer ear canal. Following swelling and inflammation of the outer ear, the natural area of the duct changes. Clinical signs are more indicative of an infection in the middle ear. These symptoms in the middle area of the ear, especially in cats, are often clinical or mild, but in dogs, they are more likely to indicate simultaneous external otitis. Bacteria and fungi can grow too much in the ear and cause infections. Many fungal pathogens cause opportunistic ear infections and cause severe fungal infections of the ear in animals and cause numerous disorders. The study was conducted on 30 dog collars and 30 cat collars of different ages, genders and breeds. Samples isolated from dog and cat ear discharges were sent to the lab to identify pathogens. The samples were randomly collected from Tehran's Avina Veterinary Hospital. how to collect the sample; After attenuation, the sampling was done with a sterile swab of ear secretions of dogs and cats, then put the swab into a sterile tube، Samples were immediately sent to the laboratory. Bacterial study of animal-derived swabs was cultivated in the base environment of blood agar and agar neutrinos. In order to identify and isolate mushrooms, a surface culture method was used in the sabro dextrose environment of agar. According to this study, among different breeds in dogs, the highest abundance of bacteria and fungi was observed in the native and Malinois breed and in cats with short street hair breed (DSH). The results of this study include bacteria isolated from dog ear discharge: Bacillus cereus 6 cases (20%), Staphylococcus aureus 4 cases (33/13%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus 3 cases (10%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus3 (10%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 2 (66/6%), Pseudomonas 2 (66/6%) and Bacillus 2 (66/6%), isolated bacteria cat ear secretions include: Staphylococcus aureus 3 (10%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 9 (30%), Entrobacter aerogenes 4 (33/13%) and E. coli 4 (33/13%), Fungal isolated from dogs include penicillium 2 (33/13%), Rodoterola 4 (33/13%), Geotericum 3 (10%), Alternators 2 (66/6%), Alocladium 2 (66/6%), Penicillium (6.66%), Aspergillus (66/6%)، Cladosporium 2 (66/6%) and in cat ear discharge Aspergillus fungus 8 (66/26%), Penicillium 3 (10%), Rhodotrola 2 (66/6%), Geotericum 1 (33/3%). According to past studies and current research, external otitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the outer ear that occurs more frequently in dogs than cats, and especially dogs with longer hanging ears They are more influenced by external otitis.

The present study aimed to isolate and identify superficial fungal flora of the skin and gills of rainbow trout in the Shahrood city. Specimens were taken from the gill and skin of 100 rainbow trout from 5 fish farms during winter and spring, then were cultured on SDA and GPA medium. Isolated fungi were identified according to the colony morphologies and microscopic characteristics. In this study, 11 genera of fungi, including Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Phoma sp., Cladosporium sp., Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp., Rhodotorula sp., Candida sp., Geotricum sp., Trichosporon sp., and Malassezia sp. were isolated that Phoma sp. and Fusarium sp. are pathogenic aquatic fungi. The most prevalent fungi were related to Aspergillus (16.66% on the skin and 23.8% in gill). Variety of isolated fungi indicated that sanitary and environmental condition of the farms are unfavourable and would cause a decrease in total production, an increase of fungal infection and treatment cost. Ecological differences play an important role in the species diversity of superficial fungal flora.

Knowledge of resident fungal species on the normal ocular surface may influence selection of antifungal agents for the treatment of keratomycosis. In this study conjunctival fungal flora of 40 Kurd horses with normal eyes (n = 80) from Tabriz was identified using horses of both genders and aged 2-30 years old. Samples were taken from the lower conjunctival sac of both eyes with a dry cotton swab, seeded in Sabouraud's dextrose agar with chloramphenicol, and incubated at 25 °C for 21 days. Thirty-one (77.5%) horses and 49 (61.25%) eyes were culture positive. The most commonly isolated fungi were Aspergillus species (38.82 %). Other isolates in order of frequency were Candida spp, Penicillium spp, Fusarium spp, Cladosporium spp, Mucor spp, Scopulariopsis spp, Pseudallescheria sp, Rhodotorula sp, and Trichoderma sp. Yeast genera represented 18.82% of the total isolates. Sex of horse had significant effect on the frequency of certain fungi. Fungal contamination of eyes decreased with increase of horse age but correlation between them was not significant (r = -0.255; P = 0.064). The fungal species isolated are comparable with those reported for horses in other areas.

Opportunistic fungi are scattered in aquatic and soil environments. Predisposing factors such as density, transporting, handling, water pollution, manual feeding and other stressors play role for fungal infections outbreak, especially in sensitive specie like as rainbow trout.This fish is one of the popular species in Iran that is one of the major trout producers in the world. Because of that study of bacterial, fungal and parasitical flora in such facilities are highlighted. For this reason, Skin, fins and gills samples of 150 rainbow trouts (with healthy appearance) with 100.98± 5.48 g body weight from 15 facilities of Alborz province, in autumn and winter, 2016-2017 were collected. All the farms water resources were ground water (well). Samples were transferred to lab in sterile condition and under the laminar flow hood were cultured in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with chloramphenicol, Corn Meal Agar and Glucose Peptone Agar. Cultured media were incubated in 23±1 ºC for at last 2 weeks. Grown fungal colonies were evaluated by their both macroscopic and microscopic methods.Out of surface samples, 103 fungal isolates were identified that 87 of that are molds belong to 11 genera besides 16 yeast isolates and out of gill samples, 82 fungal isolates were identified that 70 of that are molds belong to 10 genera and others were yeast isolates.In gills and skin, Aspergillus was the most frequent fungal genus and flavus was the most one among Aspergillus species. In order to the Chi square statistical test, there was no more significant correlation between identified fungal isolates in body surface and gills (P>0.05). But in most cases, the quantity of each isolated species was more in body surface than the gills.Fungi are present everywhere, and it is normal to be in water resources. Environmental pollutants (e.g. industrial, agricultural and municipal wastewaters) can provide productivity of water and entering the development of non- water molds. Diversity of fungal isolates is the indicator of poor water quality resulting low production, fungal infections increase as well as treatment and medication costs. Consumption of fungal spore-polluted fish food in facilities can be another way of entering of such fungal pollution.

Fungi are considered as normal inhabitants of the ocular surface of healthy animals, however under certain conditions such as eye trauma could cause disease. This study was conducted with the purpose of identifying  the fungal isolates of healthy eyes from Holstein cattle in Urmia district . Conjunctival swabs were taken from both eyes of 40 healthy Iranian Holstein cattle and cultured onto Sabouraud dextrose agar and malt extract agar. Plates were incubated at 25°C for 14 days. Effect of host age and sex on prevalence of isolates were analyzed by mann whitney and fisher’s exact tests using SAS software. Overall, 34 filamentous fungi were isolated from 24 (60%) cattle and 27 (33.75%) eyes. The isolated fungal genera in order of frequency were Aspergillus (44.12%), Curvularia (20.59%), Penicillium (14.7%), Pseudallescheria (14.7%), Fusarium (2.97%) and Scopulariopsis (2.97%). Isolation rate of fungi in older cattle (p=0.04) and male cattle (p=0.032) was significantly higher. This is the first report of ocular fungal flora in Iranian Holstein cattle.

The microflora of the normal ocular surface is one of the sources supplying fungal agents for keratomycosis. This study was conducted to identify fungal isolates of the conjunctiva in clinically healthy Iranian native cattle in Urmia district. Swabs were taken from both eyes of cattle (n=45) and cultured onto Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and malt extract agar. Plates were incubated at 25°C and examined for 7 days. Data were analyzed for the effect of age and sex by fisher’s exact test. Thirteen cattle (28.89%) were found to be positive for fungal growth. The isolated fungal genera were Aspergillus spp-7 cases (53.84%), Penicillium spp-6 cases (46.15%), Rhodotorula sp-1 case (7.69%) and Candida sp-1 case (7.69%). Yeast genera represented 13.3% of all the isolates. Sex and age of cattle had no significant effect on prevalence of isolates. Incidence of fungal colonization of the eyes compared with similar studies was low which may reflect differences in season and technique of sampling. Unexpected high frequency of Aspergillus may be due to geographic differences.

Fungi are present as normal flora in the surface of the eye of healthy animals but under certain conditions may cause disease. The purpose of this study was to identify the fungal isolates from the conjunctival sac of clinically normal goats and determine the effect of host age and sex on the isolates. A total of 140 swabs were taken from the inferior conjunctival sac of 70 healthy goats. The selected animals were of both male and female and divided into two age groups. The samples were inoculated in sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and incubated at 25°C for 21 days. Data were analyzed by Fisher''s exact test. In total، 6 different fungal genera were identified in 26 (37. 14%) goats and 36 (25. 7%) eyes. The isolates included Penicillium spp. - 14 eyes (38. 88%)، Scopulariopsis spp. -11 eyes (30. 55)، Aspergillus fumigates - 4 eyes (11. 11%)، Fusarium spp. -3 eyes (8. 33%)، Mucor spp. -3 eyes (8. 33%) and Alternaria sp. -1 eye (2. 77%). The sex of goat had significant effect on frequency of fungal isolation (p<0. 01). The fungal species isolated in this report are comparable with studies on ruminants. The present study is the first report of fungal flora of normal caprine conjunctiva.

This study was conducted to identify the fungi isolated from conjunctival sac of clinically normal Persian Arab horse living in Tabriz, Northwestern Iran and to determine the effect of sex and age variations on the frequency of isolates. Forty-three horses (21 females and 22 males), aged 1-15 years, without clinical evidence of external ocular inflammation were selected and divided into three age groups. Samples were taken from both conjunctival sacs of horses and seeded on the sabouraud dextrose agar and malt extract agar. Plates were incubated at 25 °C for 10 days. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests using SAS 9.1. Thirtyeight horses out of 43(88.37 %) were positive for fungi, 22/43 (51.16 %) had positive culture from both eyes. The isolated fungal species were Candida spp (23.15 %), Penicillium spp 16.84 %), Aspergillus sp (15.78 %), Mucor spp (13.48 %), Alternaria spp (8.42 %), Pseudallescheria spp (6.31%), Chladosporium spp (5.26%), Rhodotorula spp (4.21 %), Curvularia spp 3.15 %), Fusarium spp (2.10 %) and Trichoderma sp (1.05 %). There was significant effect of horse sex and age on frequency of fungal isolation. The fungal species isolated are comparable with studies performed in other countries, although the frequency of Candida isolation was so higher which may reflect a geographic difference

Fungal agents are considered as one of the most prevalent organisms in external otitis. The aim of this study was to compare the fungal flora of external ear canal and concave surface of auricle in healthy Persian and Domestic Short Hair (DSH) cats. Samples were collected from 120 healthy cats (60 Persians and 60 DSH) with swab and cellophane tape. Out of 103 (85.8%) organisms isolated from cats, 83 (80.6%) were identified as molds. infection with Dermatophytes were detected in 3 (5%) samples. Yeasts were also present in 20 (19.4%) cats. Based on the results of this study there wasnt any significant difference in fungal flora of the ear canal between Persian and DSH cats. Ear canal and pinna in most of healthy cats harbor fungal filamentous and yeast organisms that maybe pathogenic in suitable conditions. Furthermore dermatophyte organisms in apparently healthy cats can be transmitted to their owners.

The objective of this study was to identify the fungal flora of conjunctival sac in clinically normal Ghezel sheep and determine the effect of host eye,age and sex on this flora.the animals(n=50) were selected from both sexes and divided into three age groups according to age.swabs were taken from the inferior conjunctival sac of both eyes(n=100) and cultured onto saboroud dextrose agar and malt extract agar,incubated at 25C and examined for 21 days.thirteen sheep out of 50 (26%) were positive for fungi:5/50(10%) had positive cultures from both eyes.the isolated fungal genera were cladosporium spp.-7 eyes (38.88%) , Aspergillus spp.-3 eyes(16.66%) penicillium spp. -3 eyes (16.66%) rhodoteurella spp. -3 eyes(16.66%) and curvularia spp. -2 eyes(11.11%). the isolation of cladosporium spp. was significantly frequent among the left eyes,females and sheep above three years of age (p<0.05).this study is first report of funhal flora of normal ovine conjunctiva.