جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "histomorphometry" در نشریات گروه "دامپزشکی"

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a critical disease with a high mortality rate due to the necrosis of the pancreas and other organs. We aimed to study the effects of thiamine and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) in treating AP. Fifty male rats, with an average weight of 28 to 32 grams, were randomly divided into five groups: 1: Control group, 2: L-arginine group (300 mg/100g), 3: Thiamine group (70 mg/kg), 4: ZnO NPs group (1 mg/kg), 5: Combination treatment group: L-arginine (300 mg/100g) + thiamine (70 mg/kg) + ZnO NPs (1 mg/kg). After stereological examination of tissue sections and measurement of biomarkers, the data were analyzed at a significance level of p≤ 0.05. According to the results, in the L-arginine treatment group, the thickness of the mucosal, muscular, and adventitial layers decreased in comparison to the total thickness (p≤ 0.05). Additionally, values of the surface area and density of the mucosal and muscular layers decreased, as well as the total values of these, compared to the control group. The mentioned parameters increased in the combination treatment group. Evaluation of cholesterol showed a significant increase between the control group and groups 4 and 5. Analysis of ALT and AST factors indicated a significant increase in the level of AST in L-arginine group compared to the control group, and a significant decrease in the level of ALT in comparison between the thiamine and ZnO NPs groups and the L-arginine group. Based on the results of the present research, thiamine and ZnO NPs manifested enhancing effects on the values of thickness, surface area, volume density, and level of ALT.

The parenchyma of the thyroid gland is comprised of cells arranged in a spherical follicle, surrounded by a dense network of capillaries. These cells exhibit a range of morphologies, from squamous to cuboidal. The present study investigates the differences in follicle diameter between the proximal, middle, and distal regions of the thyroid gland in horses. While preparing tissue samples from five female Dareshuri horses and processing them in the histopathology laboratory of the veterinary faculty at Shahrekord University, paraffin blocks were prepared using a microtome with incisions of 5 μm in thickness. The data obtained from the histometric evaluations of the proximal, middle, and distal regions of the thyroid gland revealed that the highest mean diameter of the small thyroid follicles was observed in the middle region, while the lowest mean diameter was observed in the distal end of the gland. The diameter of the large follicles reached their highest and lowest values, respectively, in the proximal and middle extremities of the thyroid gland. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant difference in diameter between the middle and distal extremities of the thyroid gland.

Uncontrollable acute and chronic diabetes endangers people's quality of life in both developed and underdeveloped countries. Therefore, it appears crucial to investigate diabetes and its management strategies. Following the growth of environmental contaminants such as lead, we are seeing a rise in physical illnesses. Lead is absorbed and carried into the circulatory system, where it binds to the hemoglobin of red blood cells and accessing the tissues. The utilization of herbal plants therapy is growing nowadays. Cinnamon has a significant influence in neutralizing free radicals due to its numerous antioxidant capabilities, consequently the main objective of the above study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of cinnamon against the oxidative stress of lead acetate on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. 24 male Wistar-albino rats were selected and slaughtered after the treatment period in accordance with animal welfare guidelines. Following sample preparation, the prepared slides were inspected and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Histomorphometrical evaluations indicated an increase in the number and area of seminiferous tubules in the diabetic and lead acetate-treated diabetic group following cinnamon administration. Furthermore, surface evaluating examinations indicated that cinnamon treatment increased the area of the seminiferous tubules while decreasing the area of the interstitial parenchyma in the diabetic group and the lead acetate-treated diabetic group.

With the remarkable progress of nanotechnology in medicine, the use of nano supplements such as methionine in low doses can be a starting point for the optimization and strengthening of the compounds that protect the testes and, subsequently, the improvement of the fertility rate of the population. Excessive amounts of methionine, an essential amino acid in mammals, have toxic effects on body organs. The beneficial effects of widely used and inexpensive zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) with high antioxidant properties have been shown on the male reproductive system. This study was conducted to examine the histopathologic and histomorphometric effects of methionine-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles on mice testes. Adult male mice (N = 50) were assigned to five groups (n = 10 in each group) randomly. The groups included M50 (50 mg/kg methionine), M200 (200 mg/kg methionine), NM50 (50 mg/kg methionine-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles), NM200 (200 mg/kg methionine-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles), and Control. After 42 days, the left testes of the mice were assessed for Johnsen scores, seminiferous tubule epithelium height, seminiferous tubule diameter, meiotic index, rate of spermatogenesis, and histopathological features after euthanasia. The results showed that high doses of methionine (alone and attached to nano zinc oxide particles) have toxic effects on the testes. In comparison to the control group, the histopathological and histomorphometric indicators of the testis in the group receiving methionine at a dose of 50 mg/kg attached to nano zinc oxide particles had some increase (although insignificant), with better status compared to the M50 group. High doses of methionine could have undesirable effects on testes and significantly decrease the mentioned parameters. However, the results indicated that the histomorphometric indices of mice testis may benefit from zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded with methionine.

In the present study, Oreochromis niloticus juveniles were exposed to 10, 20, and 30% (96h LC50) of ammonia for two weeks. After this period, the fish were anesthetized and blood samples were taken from the caudal peduncle with a heparin-coated syringe to evaluate blood parameters. The 0.5 cm samples of the kidney tissue were taken, fixed in 10% formalin buffer, and after dehydration with alcohol, clarification with xylol, blocking with paraffin and cutting 4-6 microns thick with a microtome. Finally, the stained slides were studied with a light microscope. The results showed an enlarged Bowman's capsule, hyaline accumulation, epithelial detachment, increased melanomacrophage centers, necrotic glomeruli, and tubules in the kidneys after ammonia exposure. In the studies of blood serum factors with the increase of ammonia, cholesterol and BUN compared to the control and other groups. As the ammonia concentration increased, the severity of the lesions also increased. Therefore, ammonia causes changes in the structure and activity of some factors of the kidneys, which must be controlled by creating the appropriate ammonia and management conditions in the aquatic environment.

Intensive aquaculture, which is always associated with high concentrations of nitrogen pollu-tants, can lead to increased economic damage and energy loss, and increased fish mortality.

This study aimed to investigate the histomorphometry of the skin and stress indices of the Nile tilapia on exposure to different concentrations of ammonia.

In this study, Nile tilapia fingerlings were prepared and kept in the tub for adaptation, oxygenation, and feeding. A Range Finding test was performed on the fishes to find the ammonia killing range. Then, an acute toxicity test was performed on tilapia fish for 96 hours. For sub-lethal toxicity studies, 120 Nile tilapia fry were divided into 4 groups, including three groups based on different percentages of LC50 96 h (10, 20, and 30% LC50 96h) and a control group. The groups were exposed to ammonia for 14 days in an environment with constant tem-perature and pH control. Finally, histological examination and stress indices were performed on fish.

The results showed that a higher concentration of ammonia resulted in tissue damage, including dis-coloration and skin blackening, and behavioral changes, including swallowing air from the water surface, decreased appetite and decreased mobility which finally resulted in death in these animals (P≤0.05). The highest and lowest glucose levels were reported for the control group and 2.7 mg/L. In addition, stress indices were significantly in-creased in experimental groups (P≤0.05).

The data obtained from this study showed that increasing the amount of ammonia can lead to irreversible tissue damage to the structure of the skin and other tissues. In addition, the increase in oxidative stress in the Nile tilapia was due to the increase in ammonia, which led to lesions in these fish

Nanoparticles are popular carriers for gene therapy and drug delivery. Their low toxicity effects, as well as their ability to accumulate and enter mammalian cells, illustrate their importance.

The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the effects of molybdenum trioxide nano-particles on liver structure and function.

Thirty-five adult Wistar rats were studied and placed in five groups. The control group took any drug, the solvent group received normal saline, and groups 3, 4, and 5 received 50, 100, and 200 mg/kgBW molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles (MoO3 NPs), respectively, by intraperitoneal injection for 35 days. In the end, serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, T3, T4, TSH, and VLDL were investigated. Moreover, liver tissue was evaluated in terms of morphometrical, histological, histochemical, and image analysis. The Hematoxylin-Eosin, Masson's Trichrome, and Periodic Acid Schiff staining methods were utilized for liver tissue evaluation.

The results showed that molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles significantly increased serum levels of the liver enzymes and thyroid hormones and decreased TSH in MoO3 NPs groups compared with control and solvent groups. Also, histomorphometric and histochemical evaluation and image analysis of liver tissue indicated adverse effects of MoO3 NPs on liver tissue. They showed that the accumulation of carbohydrates in hepatocytes was de-creased, and collagen fibers stained by Masson's Trichrome staining were increased in MoO3 NPs groups.

It can be concluded that nanoparticles such as MoO3 NPs affect and damage the histological structure of the hepatocytes. Also, MoO3 NPs can alter serum levels of liver enzymes by affecting and damaging hepatocytes.

Ethephon (C2H6ClO3P; ETP), an organophosphorus pesticide regulating plant growth, is widely used for early ripening of fruits and vegetables in agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ETP on histomorphometrical and biochemical parameters in mouse testicular tissue. In this study, 90 adult male mice were randomly divided into six equal groups (n = 15). The ETP was administered orally at different doses (120, 240 and 480 mg kg-1) daily for 35 days. Untreated control, sham (received only normal saline) and neostigmine bromide-treated (positive control; 0.10 mg kg-1 orally; once per week) groups were also considered. Following 35 days, animals were euthanized and testicle and serum samples were taken. Accordingly, blood and serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE), catalase, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as well as histomorphometrical changes of testicles were investigated. The ETP-administered animals represented a significant reduction in AChE, TAC and catalase levels and remarkable increment in MDA content. A marked reduction was also seen in the germinal epithelium height, connective tissue thickness, seminiferous tubules diameter and Leydig cell number as well as spermiogenesis and Sertoli cell indices in ETP-treated mice compared to control ones. Similar findings were found in neostigmine bromide-treated animals. In conclusion, the ETP significantly affects the serum and blood anti-oxidant statuses and results in severe histological damages both at germ and somatic cell levels, suggesting its hematotoxic and reprotoxic characteristic.

The study analyzed the histomorphometry of the mature female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) stomach with the aid of ImageJ software. The different histological parts were identified using a compound microscope. Five mature laying female Japanese quail were collected and necropsied. The digestive organs, particularly proventriculus and gizzard, were collected and processed for tissue staining. Histological identification and measurement of thickness and depth of various structures were subsequently performed. Comparable to other avian species, the proventriculus was comprised of four layers: thin tunica serosa (22.69 µm), tunica muscularis (235.07 µm) with outer longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscle layers, thick tunica submucosa (2,164.37 µm) containing glands, and innermost tunica mucosa (553.42 µm) with papillae. The gizzard was characterized by four tunics: thin tunica serosa (60.44 µm), thick tunica muscularis (1,480.07 µm), tunica submucosa (112.25 µm), and tunica mucosa (456.15 µm) where the glands, crypts, and koilin can be found. The findings suggest that the histology of proventriculus and gizzard of the Japanese quail have no remarkable difference compared to other poultry species. However, the histomorphometry of the organs examined had remarkable variations as compared to other avians.

Mongooses are small carnivores residing in different regions from Africa to southeast Asia. The Indian gray mongoose (Herpestes Edwardsii) is one of the mongoose species that is mostly found in southern Asia particularly India and the south of Iran. Anatomical studies on the animal's brain have always been of interest to the scientist due to its high importance in various branches of biology, such as zoology, veterinary medicine and ethology.

Our study aimed to enrich the current data pool by providing a histological description of the mongoose’s brain. The present study was conducted to investigate the histomorphologic and histomorphomet- ric aspects of cerebrum and cerebellum of the Indian grey mongoose.

For this purpose, eight adult mongooses were considered, which were in an end-stage disease or the status of approaching death. In the following, after removing the skull, the brain structure was accurately dissected and placed in 10% buffered formalin. The samples were embedded in paraffin, cut into serial sections and stained using standard Hematoxylin and Eosin protocol.

In this study, the thickness of the white matter and cortex layers in the cerebrum and cerebellum, the number of neurons and neuroglia cells per unit area, and morphological features of tissue of the organs were measured and recorded. The results of cell count showed that the cell density of neurons in female and neuroglia in male were higher, significantly (P ≤ 0.05). Also in the cerebellum, the Purkinje cells were oval to round and were very close to the granular layer.

Despite minor differences, it could be concluded that the general morphologic and mor- phometric characteristics of cerebrum and cerebellum for mongoose are similar to the other animals. Although the study of these features has not been done in a wild carnivore so far, these features can be considered as an intermediate between rodents and human.

Rumen lesion can lower the performance of the animal and sometimes cause its death. Ultrasonography as a diagnostic method for the detection of lesions in the gastrointestinal tract is considered safe. In this study, three regions of rumen including the dorsal blind sac, ventral blind sac, and pillar [0.5 × 0.5 cm] from 10 healthy sheep rumen were sampled. Histomorphometric study of all samples were performed in the mucosal, submucosal, muscular and serosal layers. For ultrasonographic evaluation, samples from wall of rumen in 6 × 6 cm dimensions were used probe. The results showed that identification of all layers of rumen wall is feasible in sheep by histomophometry and ultrasonography techniques. Statistical analysis of the data showed no significant correlation between the parameters of the rumen wall in ultrasonography and histological study. The lack of correlation between ultrasonography and histological data may be due to the tissue changes which would occur during the process of preparing the tissue samples including tissue fixation, dehydration and clearing