جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « pollution » در نشریات گروه « دامپزشکی »

Raw milk is susceptible to environmental pollution and considered to be one of the most perishable food items. The prevailing mode of contamination arises from the consumption of milk with digestive system, mucous secretions, and skin. The bacteria have the capacity to endure in milk for a period of ten days. The contamination of dairy products  to polluted hand hygiene products is one of the contributing factors . The present study aimed to examine the effects of disinfectant solutions, specifically chlorine, with varying concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%), on the contamination of personnel's hands. ANOVA, also known as one-way analysis of variance, was employed to assess the disparities in means. In order to compare the means at a significant level of 95%, Duncan's test was utilized. The findings exhibited that the presence of chlorine has a noteworthy impact on the abundance of microorganisms. Additionally, an investigation was conducted to assess the impact of MicroZ, alcohol at 68% and alcohol 96% on the reduction of Staphylococcus microbial population. By examining the central indicators and dispersion of the tested communities, the results showed that 68% alcohol has a greater effect on reducing the microbial population than microZ and 96% alcohol.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of some heavy metals in the milk produced by dairy farms in Qazvin province. For this study, milk samples of 35 industrial dairy herds under the auspices of the Livestock Breeders Union of Qazvin province in different cities including Abyek, Qazvin, Takestan, Buin Zahra and Alborz were collected by direct reference in two consecutive days. Immediately after sampling, the samples were sent to a specialized laboratory for measuring levels of heavy metals including lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel and mercury. Then, the obtained data were analyzed in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the concentrations of lead, cadmium and chromium in the produced milk were 1.43± 3.77, 0.70± 2.24 and 1.07±1.27 μg / kg respectively.  There was no significant difference in the concentration of these elements among different cities. The concentrations of nickel and mercury in the produced milk were 0.63± 0.30 and 0.39± 0.37 μg / kg respectively. In terms of nickel and mercury concentrations, the difference between different cities of the province was significant and in Abyek was higher than others (P=0.02 and p=0.02 respectively). In conclusion, concentrations of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel and mercury) in milk produced in dairy farms was less than the standard levels, thus milk produced in Qazvin province can be considered as a healthy product from heavy metals (lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel and mercury) for human consumption.

Rice is one of the major food commodities for half of the world's population. In Iran, rice is a strategic product that is the main strength of the people after bread, and it is expected this product supplies with appropriate quality and placed in the household basket. In this study, qualitative characteristics, amount of impurities, the concentration of heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic, and lead), microbial growth (mold and yeast), aflatoxin concentration, and pesticides in rice crop in different regions of Mazandaran (three species Tarom, Shiroodi, and Neda), Gilan (three species of Tarom, Ali Kazemi and Hashemi), three samples of organic rice (first crop, second crop and brown), and rice imported from Pakistan (three brands) and Indian rice (two brands) Was examined. The longitudinal range of increase was found to be 6.68-7.62, 7.60-7.62, 6.68-7.62, 6.50-7.00 and 5.80-6.20 mm for Pakistan, Indian, Mazandaran, Gilan and organic cultivars. Indian cultivars A, B, and Gilan (Hashemi) had the lowest, and Pakistani cultivar A had the highest impurities. Most of the perfumes belonged to Gilan (Talesh) and Mazandaran (Tarom). The highest starch gelatinisation and lowest amount of heavy metals were observed in Iranian cultivar samples. According to general estimates, the highest amount of heavy metals was measured in Pakistani rice, followed by Indian and then Iranian rice. The concentration of Aflatoxin in all samples, except for Pakistan samples, was lower than the detection limit. According to the results, the sample of organic rice with the least consumption of pesticides, the minimum amount of heavy metal, microbial and mycotoxin contamination is recommended to ensure public health.

Kor is a river in Fars province, Iran and its paths crossing agricultural areas, cities and villages collects pollutants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial quality of Kor River and microbial indicators such as total and fecal coliforms. In this survey, in order to study the Coliform pollution of Kor River, three layers from surface, intermediate and sediment were sampled in three stations (from downstream to up river Band Amir, Pol Khan and Hossein Abad respectively,).Sampling was done monthly during 9 months. From March 2004 to November 2004. The pollution by standard diagnosis of Coliform was completely examined. The results showed that the most pollution was found in surface layer of river. Besides, the highest Coliform count was seen in September. Maximum and minimum of total coliforms and fecal coliforms in surface water was observed in Ban Amir and Pol Khan (16000 /100ml and 16000 / ml) and Hossein Abad (60/100ml and (50/100ml) respectively. The results showed none pollution up dorodzan dam and intense pollution in downstream of it in difference months, The results showed that using total and fecal coliforms indicators are economy and quick method for good assessment of pollution specifically have strictly in seasons polluted.

In this paper، the concentrations of mercury in the khramulia (Capoeta capoeta) from three stations of the Zarrin Gol River of the province of Golestan are presented. The average of mercury levels in muscle tissue from the stations of 1، 2 and 3 were 173. 79 ± 19. 32، 153. 11± 7. 61 and 172. 25± 12. 69 ng/g dry weight، respectively. No Significant difference was observed in the mean concentrations of Hg among the stations and also no correlations among body weight total length and standard length and Hg were detected in this study (p > 0. 05). All samples had mean mercury concentration less than recommended maximum Hg limit for human consumption set by World Health Organization (WHO)، Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)، Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)، Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the Standardization Administration of China (SAC). It seems this is first study on Capoeta capoeta species with this point of view.

Low-level pollution of aquatic ecosystems may decrease the fecundity of fish populations either indirectly via accumulation in the reproductive organs, or acting directly on sperm and ovum. The activity of highly active hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (HSD) enzyme in fish sperm has been used as indicator of water contamination with zinc, cadmium or zinc + cadmium. Three groups of six male African catfish were fed from the sexually immature juvenile stage, with diet containing 1000 ppm zinc, cadmium or zinc + cadmium for 110 days and 20aHSD activity in milt of these fish were compared with six other control fish fed with normal diet. The 20aHSD enzyme activity was also measured in in vitro incubation of milt from six control fish with different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 1000 and 3000 ppm) of zinc, cadmium or zinc + cadmium. A very high 20a hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase enzyme activity was found in all sperm incubations of African catfish. This enzyme converts 17-hydroxy progesterone (17P) substrate to 17,20a-dihydroxy progesterone (1720aP) product and the rate of enzyme activity is related to substrate (17P) concentrations. Significant differences (P<0.05) in enzyme activity in converting 17P to 17,20aP were found between in vitro incubations of sperm with different concentrations of zinc, cadmium or zinc + cadmium and control group (0 ppm). Significant differences (P<0.05) in enzyme activity and 17,20aP production were found between fish fed with diet containing 1000 ppm zinc or cadmium and the group fed with diet containing 1000 ppm zinc + cadmium and control groups. The results showed that 20aHSD enzyme activities in fish sperm may be used as indicator of water contamination with heavy metals and their bioaccumulations in testis of aquatic animals.