جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "polymerase chain reaction (pcr)" در نشریات گروه "دامپزشکی"

Neurological conditions constitute approximately 10% of feline cases referred to veterinary clinics. Such cases often present manifestations of central nervous system (CNS) damage, including inflammatory lesions, neoplastic growth and structural and cellular transformations.

This study aimed at identifying histopathological changes in the CNS of cats that had succumbed to neurological symptoms.

Microscopic evaluation of different sections within the CNS was conducted on 20 cats that had either died naturally or were euthanized due to neurological signs. After performing a necropsy, we examined the CNS tissues and conducted PCR testing to screen for possible viral infections, including feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV).

The majority of cases showed characteristic histopathologic lesions, notably mononuclear and suppurative meningoencephalitis, perivascular cuffing, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), granulomatous meningoencephalitis, acute neuronal necrosis, liquefactive necrosis, epididymitis, thrombosis and demyelination. Among the 20 cats studied, 12 tested positive for FIP by PCR analysis, while 5 cats exhibited positive results for FIV. Also, FeLV PCR tests displayed positive results in 4 cats. No evidence of feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE) was observed.

This study is the first of its kind conducted in Iran. Based on the results, the most prevalent viral agents infecting cats’ CNS were FIP, FIV and FeLV. The investigation revealed no evidence of FSE in cats with neurological signs.

In cats, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) stands out as a prevailing heart disease. The mutations in the gene that encodes cardiac myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3) have been detected in the Ragdoll and Maine Coon breeds. 

HCM is believed to be hereditary in other breeds, too. 

Blood samples were collected for DNA extraction from 2 unaffected and 7 affected Persian breed cats with HCM. Besides accomplishing conventional polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing was performed. The sequence changes were utilized to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms in the MYBPC3 gene and predict amino acid substitutions based on the Acc. No. XM_019812396.1 and comparisons with the literature on identified breed variants and control samples.

Although many single nucleotide polymorphisms were found in the affected and unaffected Persian cats, no causative mutation for HCM was observed.

In this breed, HCM does not seem to be caused solely by mutations in this cardiac gene. Potential cardiac genes should be investigated to uncover other genetic reasons for this cardiac disease in the Persian cat breed.

Astroviruses are non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that can infect a wide range of hosts and are often linked to gastrointestinal sickness. Disease might range from asymptomatic to encephalitis depending on the host and virus genotype. Astroviruses have a significant genetic diversity due to a faulty polymerase and frequent recombination events across strains.Using diverse approaches and animal models to explore virus-host interactions, researchers have uncovered several notable aspects of astroviruses, including the ability of the astrovirus capsid to behave as an enterotoxin, disrupting the gut epithelial barrier.Outside of the gastrointestinal tract, astroviruses have been found to cause sickness. More animal models should be developed to study this phenomenon as well as astrovirus pathogenesis, particularly in strains that might cause extraintestinal infection. The current dogma, as with other viral infections of the gut, argues that astroviruses infect in a species-specific manner; however, mounting evidence of cross-species infection of these viruses has called this notion into question.There are some methods of determining if you have an astrovirus infection. Electron microscopy, cell culture, immunoassays, polymerase chain reaction, and a variety of other molecular methodologies are currently being used in diagnostic and surveillance research. This review will discuss the last updates on pathogenesis and diagnosis of Astroviruses.

Brucellosis is endemic in Iraq, and annual surveys using advanced diagnostic assays are needed. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of human brucellosis in rural areas in Wasit province using ELISA and PCR. A total of 276 serum samples were randomly obtained from participants from rural areas in the Wasit province. The results showed that out of 276 serum samples tested by ELISA, 30.07% were positive. Significantly, mild infection was increased compared to moderate, severe and highly severe infections. To confirm the species of Brucella, seropositive samples were tested by PCR assay targeting the BCSP31 gene for Brucella spp. and the IS711 gene for B. abortus and B. melitensis. Molecular findings confirmed 30.12% positive samples to Brucella spp., including 28% and 44% positives to B. abortus and B. melitensis, respectively, whereas 28% positive samples to other undifferentiated species of Brucella. Association between seropositivity and demographic risk factors, age and gender, were reported to be significantly higher among individuals aged 21-40 (41.91%) and lowered among those aged £20 years (13.56%). For gender, a high nominal positivity rate was detected in females (36.07%) than in males (28.37%). Association between the degree of severity of the infection and demographic risk factors recorded that mild infection (75%) was increased among individuals of £20 years, while moderate and severe infections were elevated significantly in groups of 21-40 and 41-60 years. The highly severe infections appeared in those aged 21-40 years (15.91%). Regarding gender, mild and moderate infections were elevated significantly in males; whereas severe and highly severe infections were increased significantly in females. In conclusion, this study is the first random epidemiological study investigating the prevalence of human brucellosis in rural areas in Iraq. Undifferentiated species of Brucella were detected in PCR-positive results. The incorporation of molecular techniques for the diagnosis will help resolve the Brucella genus and detection the primary sources that play roles in the transmission of infection.