جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ration » در نشریات گروه « دامپزشکی »

Teucrium polium L. is a plant from the Lamiaceae family which is very important in Folk Medicine, however, its effects on fermentation characteristics are still unknown. In this experiment, the effect of hexane oil extracted of Teucrium polium L. by soxhlet device was investigated on some fermentation activities of ruminal microorganism (bacteria, protozoa, and fungi) with a balanced ration, in vitro. The hexane extract of Teucrium polium L. was added to a culture medium prepared from sheep's rumen fluid and artificial saliva (ratio of 1 to 2) with proportions of 0, 150, 300, and 450 ppm, and some fermentation parameters were finally measured. With an increase in the extract level from 0 to 450 ppm, NH3-N and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) showed a significant increase (linear) compared to the control, but other parameters such as pH, gas production parameters (24 and 48 h gas, potential and constant rate of gas production), degradability of dry matter and organic matter were not differ. The partitioning factor (PF), microbial mass yield, and efficiency of microbial mass yield were lowest at 450 ppm. The overall results showed that the hexane extract of Teucrium polium L. was able to modify and improve some of the fermentation parameters in the culture medium (e.g. increase in ammonia nitrogen and TVFA. Also, the highest changes were observed at 450 ppm. It also seems that levels of less than 450 ppm are not able to significantly change the studied fermentation parameters compared to control.

Affecting the female reproductive organ and the layers around the oocyst, some ration ions could facilitate the penetration of sperm with specific chromosome type and change the sex ratio in mammal infants. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of potassium supplement on the sex ratio in rat. The percentage of moisture, ash, crude fat and protein, sodium, potassium, calcium, and energy was measured in the ration of rats. In one gestation period, the male and female pups from 32 female and 8 male adult rats were counted as control group. In experimental group, potassium citrate (36% potassium) was used in control group ration to raise the level of potassium from 0.35% to 0.8% and 12 female and 3 male adult rats were fed with that ration in two gestation periods. The number of male and female pups in both groups was counted at the age of three days. Sex ratio in both groups was compared using chi-square test (SPSS, Ver. 11.5). The ration of control group had 90% dry matter, 8% ash, 4.1% crude fat, 21.6% crude protein, 70.8% total digestible nutrients (TDN), 0.4% calcium, 0.3% potassium and 0.1% sodium. The ratio of male pups in the rats were fed with potassium supplement (1.52, 100 male and 66 female pups) was higher (p=0.03) compared to the control group (0.94, 115 male and 122 female pups).CONLUSIONS: Raising the level of potassium in food ration can increase the number of male pups over 10% in each gestation.

Experiment was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of varying water temperature and feeding frequency on the growth، survival، feed utilization and body composition in juvenile benni (Barbus sharpeyi). Juvenile benni with an initial body weight (BW) of 14. 31±0. 59 g were fed a diet contain 46. 27% protein، 20. 43 KJ/g energy at feeding frequency (once and twice per day) and reared at two water temperatures (24 and 28 °C) for 56 days. Twelve rectangular glass aquaria equipped with separate electric heaters used in the experiment. Highest and lowest mean body weight gain observed in two meals per day (8. 05 g) and once per day at 28 °C (5. 82 g)، respectively. Some growth factors such as mean weight gain and daily weight gain were affected significantly (P<0. 05) with increaseing feeding frequency (once to twice per day) at 28 °C، but feed conversion ratio، specific growth rate and for survival rate no significantly differences (P<0. 05) were recorded between the treatments. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) at 28 °C with two times feeding per day was highest. However، PER was shown significant difference (P<0. 05) with increase feeding frequency per a day at 28 °C. The best (lowest) mean food conversion ratio was obtained from two meal per day at 28C° and observed significant difference (P<0. 05) with rising feeding per day at both temperature. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) affected by water temperature significally (P<0. 05). The content of lipid tended to decrease with increasing feeding frequency at both temperature، and showed a significant difference (P<0. 05) between once and twice meal per day at 24 °C. While no significant difference between content of protein، ash and moisture with increasing water temperature and feeding frequency. Therefore، the study suggests that feeding frequency of two times daily at 28°C is suitable for optimum growth، sufficient feed utilization and raising production of juvenile benni Barbus sharpeyi.

Considering the very important role of zinc in structural and physiological functions of livestock body and the paucity of research in the regions, the objective of this study was to investigate zinc deficiency in cows suspected of deficiency in industrial dairy farms of Urmia and its relationship with diet of the animals. In this study, blood samples were taken from cows suspected of deficiency including animals that had anorexia, decrease in production and most importantly infertility problems. Samples were also taken from the animals diets. Sampling was conducted on a seasonal basis and 25 serum samples were collected in each season. Measurement was performed using atomic absorption method and serumic levels were calculated in micromoles. The results of this study indicated that in the animals suspected of zinc deficiency, there was no significant difference between different seasons but zinc levels were below normal in winter, spring and autumn. It is probable that dietary zinc deficiency especially low zinc levels in concentrate diets in the main cause of low zinc values in this study.