جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مری » در نشریات گروه « دامپزشکی »

In this study esophagus during development has been investigated in prenatal and postnatal periods of the one-humped camel. The aim of this study, the investigation of the esophageal histological wall construction in camel during gestation period and after that in comparative with the esophageal histological development in other the domestic animals. For histogenesis study of esophagus in one-humped camel, 20 fetuses, around 86 days to 13 months, were chosen. Then, after the age calculating, the fetuses were stored in 10% buffer formalin and provided sections with 5 µ thickness of all the esophagus portions (cervical, thoracic and abdominal) and were stained by hematoxylin & eosin and periodic acid Schiff methods. According to the observed histological changes; developmental periods of the esophagus were divided into the three stages: the first stage (5-13 cm, 86- 110 days of pregnancy), the second stage (13-16 cm, 110-119 days of pregnancy) and the third stage (35-40 cm, 175-190 days of pregnancy). At 110 days of pregnancy, the epithelium was changed to the stratified squamous epithelium. At 119 days of pregnancy, the formation of primary stages glands tubes and neural ganglions in the esophagus were observed. At 175 days of pregnancy, in abdominal part of esophagus, thin and dispersed muscularis mucosa was observed in the connective tissue under the epithelium. The study observations revealed that the histological esophagus wall evolution, according to the gestation period in one-humped camel are less precocious than the domestic ruminants.

Digestive tract in avian there is from oral cavity until cloaca. Esophagus for foodstuffs transport, Crop for food temporary storage and Proventriculus and Gizzard for chemical and mechanical digestion are considerable importance in avian digestive system. In this respect there is no anatomical research performed on pheasant family as guinea fowl. For this study 20 adult male and female guinea fowl were selected and this organs were anatomically studied. Then we have done morphometrical study from esophagus, crop, proventriculus, isthmus and gizzard. Macroscopic results were basically the same as other poultry. Anatomical Special Features and different were in the crop and proventriculus. Crop was Pear shaped and proventriculus is curvature tube shaped. T student result there is no significance difference in the size of males and females in this organs. The results of this therefore , can be used as the basic anatomical knowledge is this species. Key words: Anatomy, esophagus, stomach, guinea fowl.

The esophagus is a part of the digestive tube which has role in transferring of food from oral cavity to stomach. The musculature of the esophagus causes its movement. The muscle content of the esophagus has been studied in different species and showed notable differences. The information about muscle content in wild species is scant. Therefore, two Persian leopards were used in this investigation. After euthanizing, esophagus of each animal was removed. The samples were fixed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin. The tissues were routinely processed for light microscopy and embedded in paraffin. The paraffin blocks were cut into 5-7 µm sections and stained by hematoxylin-eosin and masson’s trichrome. The results showed that muscularis mucosa which made up of a smooth muscle was appeared from the caudal half of the esophagus as scattered fibers and became gradually thicken toward the caudal part of the esophagus. Tunica muscularis with internal circular and external longitudinal muscle layers which were separated with connective tissue have been seen in the beginning of esophagus. From the beginning of the second half of the esophagus, smooth muscle fibers were observed between the internal circular striated muscles and then gradually increased to be completely substituted with smooth muscle in caudal fourth part of the esophagus. Finally, in gastroesophageal junction, the longitudinal muscle was also substituted with smooth muscle and the smooth muscle of the esophagus continued to the stomach. This study is the first description of the histomorphological features of the esophagus of the leopard showed noticeable differences in type and arrangement of muscles within esophageal wall of this species in comparison with that of other mammals.

Esophagus having different tissues has a special role in the gastrointestinal tract. Among different species، layers of the esophagus، have a substantial difference. Also، diameter of esophagus varies in different parts of it. The information of histological structure of rabbit and guinea pig esophagus is still incomplete. Therefore، the present study was conducted. Therefore، for review and comparison of esophageal histology in rabbit and guinea pig، five was prepared from each animal. After the animals anesthetized with chloroform solution، their abdominal cavity were opened and then esophagus was specified. From each esophagus three samples including the upper one third، middle one third and lower one_ third were collected. Then the samples of tissue were prepared and stained with Hematoxylin - eosin، Periodic acid-Schiff and Masson trichrome. Results showed that in guinea pigs، all three parts of esophageal epithelium were covered by keratinized stratified squamous and in rabbit، it was covered by nonkeratinized stratified squamous. The thickness of esophageal epithelium in rabbit was more than guinea pig. In rabbit and guinea pig، muscularis mucosa was composed of dispersed bundles of smooth muscle in longitudinal sections. Submucosal layer was free of glands and composed of collagen and elastic fibers and blood vessels. Tunica muscularis was the thickest layer in all animals and in rabbit composed of three layers of striated muscle; inner layer and outer layer were longitudinal and the middle layer was circular. But in guinea pig it was composed of two layers of skeletal muscle; inner layer was circular and outer was longitudinal. The thickness of outer longitudinal layer was less than two others. Tunica advantitia was composed of connective tissue. There was different in epithelial tissue of rabbit and guinea pig esophagus but، both animals were free of esophageal glands.

To evaluation effect of the various staining methods on histological structure of sheep esophagus in different times، five mature female sheep from Lori Bakhtiyari breed were selected from Shahrekrod abattoir. The animals were slaughtered and the whole esophagus separated and pieces of 5 mm thickness were cut in the proximal، middle and distal regions. The samples were immersed in fixative solution of 10% buffered formalin for 24، 48 and 168 hours and prepared tissue sections، were stained by Hematoxylin and eosin، Verhoeff-elastin and Cason''s Trichrome were measured thickness of the tissue layers of esophagus and were registered. Results showed that the epithelial thickness was significantly greater in all fixation times and three types staining in comparison with two other regions. The propria-submu thicknesses were significantly increased by increment time in three types staining. The type of staining and the time did not have any statistically significant effect on the muscular layer thickness.

The aim of this project was to study the influence of the sex and age factors on the wall structure of the esophagus of the dog. Eighteen mixed breed dogs, (9 male and 9 female) in three age groups (3 neonate, 3 sexually mature and 3 old) were used. Animals were euthanized and after removing the whole esophagus, full thickness transverse sections were cut from the proximal, middle and distal parts. Microscopic sections of these samples were prepared and then examined for minimum and maximum thicknesses of the tunicae mucosa, submucosa and muscularis. Due to the absence of lamina muscularis mucosa in the proximal part of canine esophagus, the tunicae mucosa and submucosa in this region were collectively named tunica mucosa-submucosa. Results obtained from this study showed that there is a large increase in the thickness of tunica mucosa-submucosa and mucosa, from neonatal to sexually mature stages followed by a smaller increase between sexually mature and old stages in both sexes. We also found that the thickness of the mucosal layer is greater in distal part of esophagus than its middle part in all three age groups and both sexes. The thickness of tunica submucosa of the middle and distal parts and tunica muscularis of the proximal, middle and distal parts of esophagus showed a large increase between neonatal and sexually mature stages followed by a smaller decrease between sexually mature and old stages in both sexes. Also we found that the thickness of the submucosal layer is greater in distal part of esophagus than its middle part in all three age groups and both sexes. The thickness of the muscular layer showed a progressive increase from proximal part to the distal part in all age groups and both sexes. The differences between two sexes in the thickness of esophageal layers do not follow a constant pattern.