Survey of Destructive Factors on Coral Reefs and Conservative Strategies

Coral reefs provide good places for nutrition and breeding of many marine species including invertebrates and vertebrata (algae، marine grasses، sponges، Mollusca، crustacean، fish، etc…). Biodiversity is noticeable in these ecosystems and for this reason they are very important. With regarding to high important of these ecosystems for preserving of biodiversity and fragility of them as compared to destructive factors and environmental pollutants، and also because very long time recovery، approximately more than 100 years، protect of these shelters is very important. These important ecosystems are affected by many environmental crisis that occur by human، such as: oil compounds، agricultural and industrial sewages، global warming، climate changes، tourism، over fishing، coastal development، etc…. It is necessary to recognized and manage crises points for preserving. Creation and development of artificial reef (Ekoreef) is one of the most important strategies for preserve and restoration of coral reefs.