Evaluation of the cytotoxic activitiy of hydromethanolic grape seed extract in oral squamous cell carcinoma (KB cell line)

The grape seed is rich in anthocyanin, proanthocyanidins, procyanidins. The present investigation was carried out to study cytotoxic effects of hydromethanolic extract of grape seed on oral squamous cell carcinoma KB cell line and induction of apoptosis in these cells.

In the present experimental study grape seeds were extracted with 90% hydromethanolic solvent. Then KB cells were treated with different concentrations of crude extract. The cytotoxicity was measured using the MTT (Micro-culture tetrazolium test) assay in 24 hours. ELISA assay was used to measure induction of apoptosis after 24 hours. Data was analyzed with SPSS 20 and one-way ANOVA (α=0.05).

Data from MTT revealed that hydromethanolic crude extract of grape seed had growth inhibitory and cytotoxic activity on KB cell line in (IC50 = 417.370 Mg/mL) after 24 hours. In ELISA assay apoptosis cell death rate was determined to be about 68% after 24 hours. Cell morphology alteration analysis showed major apoptosis changes and the extract resulted in significant cell death in the treated group (p value = 0.002).

Under the limitations of the present study, crude grape seed extract had an inhibitory effect on the growth of neoplastic KB cell line, inducing apoptosis in these cells. Grape seed extract appears to be an appropriate candidate for identification and purification of its active compounds.