Writing on Grafidin (Frafidin) and the Status of Great Grafidin of Shapour Ibn Kousaj as the First Book on Grafidin in the Era of Islamic Civilization

The book, Great Grafidin translated from Syriac to Arabic by Shapour Ibn Sahl Kousaj (D., 255 AH) is one of the glories of Islamic civilization during the third century AD. Fortunately, several copies of this book are available in libraries of Iran and other parts of the world. The present article aims to examine the books related to simple and composite (composite of herbal plants) in ancient medicine by analysis of Shapour Sahl’s Great Grafidin as the first written book on Grafidin. In the meantime, some other books on grafidin which have been written after and adapted from Shapour’s have been investigated.