Classification of Science, What, Why and How

Setting a model for evaluating and optimizing the current state of science, is the way that must be passed for reforming and meeting the needs and problems of the society. Because it is not possible for the Islamic Republic of Iran to plan on the basis of the western model (due to its inconsistency with the value system of Islam) the current methods cannot be receptive to the value system of Islam. According to many researchers, these disorders are due to the lack of insight on the basis of the hierarchy of sciences which is seen today in the traditional system of Islamic education. Hence the need to create a plan on the basis of religious thinking is clear, but on the other hand, relying on the old scheme does not work because each one has shortcomings. These categories, more than anything else are based on the thoughts of scholars and sometimes are influenced by the history of science, cultural and social events, etc. and each classification is based on theoretical and logical-philosophical foundation and therefore is on the basis of a certain philosophical school. But because the classification of sciences requires preliminary actions, in this paper we explore the nature, history, necessity, purpose, types, principles and patterns of classification to provide the conditions for new schemes in the field of classification of sciences.