The Egyptian Failed Revolution of 2012: A Perspective on Paradoxes of Muslim Brotherhood in Practice and Theory

Certainly، no one can ignore the role of Muslim Brotherhood that came into shape for the first time in 1928 which has been a reaction to deteriorating social، political، economic and cultural conditions of that time in Egypt in particular and Islamic nations in general، even up to today as we are witnessing Islamic awakening in these countries. The matter of the fact is that Brotherhood as the major contender of a kind of Islamic system and government has been able to take widespread actions in both executive (practical) as well as theoretical contexts in Sunni world and leave significant impacts on the recent Islamic movements، the radical movements such as Al-Qaeda، Taliban، Hamas and many others. This movement during long consecutive years and various political situations has always left serious impacts even on Egyptian critical conditions and as it is mentioned above various unfavorable factors paved the way for Egyptian to go along with Ahmad Hassan Albana who wished the return to true Islam and governing Muslim society through the ideas and teachings of holy Quran، unity of Islamic nation and removal of exploitation from the society. The Brotherhood was the first and most important active opposition during the leadership of young officers in Egypt. Although، in the early part of the young officers’ ruling، there were sometimes friendly relations between them، yet some pragmatic policies taken by the officers used to make their relations face with profound challenges. With the collapse of Nassser’s dictatorship from one hand، and with the outbreak of revolution or Islamic awakening movement among Arabs on the other hand، one could assume that the creation of idealistic government of the Brotherhood is easily done. However، certain events not only did not materialize Islamic state، but also made the establishment of a system based on Islamic good tradition a mirage for the Brotherhood in the land of Pharaohs. Therefore، this research is an attempt to explain the reasons for the failure of the Brotherhood’s ideal government after the overturn of the militaristic regime of Nasser.