A Comprehensive Approach to Quantum Theory and its Applications in the Organization

Management and leadership theories and models، like other fields of knowledge، are under the influence of scientific paradigms. Two important paradigms، i. e. the Newtonian paradigm and quantum paradigm have seriously affected organizational theories and models. The formulation of the principles of modern sciences requires knowledge of leadership techniques in modern organizations so that these technologies and principles offer a new metaphor for organizations'' life and leadership activities. Meanwhile، traditional organizations'' development models have been replaced by new models and methods of intervention in an age of uncertainty، complexity، globalization and rapid change. The start of 21st century can be named، technologically speaking، as the era of quantum. The key to organizational excellence is outstanding leadership. Seven quantum skills can activate leaders of the 21st century for creating a new level of organizational excellence in order to use the most powerful energy of the universe i. e. the energy of the mind. If leaders and their organizations really intend to progress in this new era، they need to make the managers take an intellectual leap forward and develop a new skill. Quantum leadership that is based on making the best decision in complex situations requires seven quantum skills that enable organizations'' leaders to adopt dynamic and intuitive thinking. In other words، we can no longer define leadership as the act of influencing others for realizing determined goals، but rather a process in which searching the goals and proceeding to the goals are more significant and valuable that the goals themselves. This article aims to review the literature related to leadership and quantum organizations، plus examining the paradigmatic effects of quantum theory on organizational theories and quantum theory-related models.