جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « paradigm » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

Introduction The emergence and processing of thought, theory, conceptual, and operational model of theological management of development, and thus the production of Quranic strategic decision-making knowledge, and solving strategic social and civilizational problems and challenges of Islamic-Iranian society depend on their methodical production and processing from revelatory teachings. Like any other scientific structure, the proper establishment of the epistemological structure of strategic decision-making knowledge based on the Quran requires attention to its "nature of paradigm fundamentals". Thus, every field of knowledge, such as the knowledge of strategic decision-making that seeks to enter the empirical reality for change, is rooted in the dominant world-view, and it cannot be designed and implemented without considering its paradigmatic principles. Therefore, to acquire the Qur'an-based knowledge of strategic decision-making, there is no option to adjust it epistemologically from the level of paradigm principals to the empirical level, based on revelatory teachings.MethodologyBased on the combined mechanism of the implication research method and implication logic in the literature of the science of principles and according to AL - ANFAL Surah, the present research sought to understand and explain examples of implications based on fundamentals of Epistemology related to the subject of strategic decision-making using thematic analysis and content analysis in ATLAS.ti software.Results and DiscussionThe research process led to the extraction of  192 primary codes, 14 basic themes, including1. The role of true and credible perceptions in strategic decision-making; 2. The role of the conscientious perceptions in strategic decision-making; 3. The role of the perceptions system in strategic decision making; 4. The decision-maker and in terms of subjectivity and objectivity; 5. The flow of thought elite knowledge in strategic decision making; 6. Discourse knowledge in contrivance and situation of management; 7. Discourse in the field of public knowledge and socio-cultural affairs; 8. Level of tendency (in the field of faith) in strategic decisions; 9. The level of action (in the field of piety) in strategic decisions; 10. The role and place of revelation, intuition, sense and reason in strategic decision making; 11. Credibility of intuitive and face-to-face resources in strategic decision making; 12. Credibility of product resources in strategic decision making, and 6 organizing themes, including: 1. The role and quality of the continuity of true, credible and conscientious perceptions in strategic decision-making; 2. Crystallization of the decision-maker in terms of subjectivity and objectivity; 3. discourse-creating knowledge of change in strategic decision-making; 4. the position of values in strategic decision-making; 5. resources of knowledge in strategic decision-making; 6. validity of knowledge resources in strategic decision-making, under an inclusive implication theme, namely the fundamentals of the Epistemology of strategic decision-making. The results of the present manuscript included an example of the fundamentals of Quran-based Epistemology in the field of strategic decision-making. The connection of this field of knowledge with religious sciences, on the one hand, gives a better and deeper understanding and analysis of events and problems, and consequently a more appropriate action, gives strategic decision-makers, and on the other hand  underlies the production, processing, and development of the theory and knowledge of strategic decision-making of the Quran by researchers, and thus the presentation of specific applied models for strategic managers from the perspective of religious (Quranic) thoughts in research and development objectivity.ConclusionParadigms and models are realized in epistemic, historical, cultural, and social tools and contexts, and even in territorial and regional, and it is required to pay attention to their ecology. If progress is considered as an approach and style of life and specific life world that a school - for example, Islam - has provided for human perfection and life; in addition to inherent features embedded in this lifestyle, the situation of time and place should also be taken into account to implement it and then, an instance should be designed from that life-world and lifestyle so that it can be implemented in that situation of time and place. Accordingly, it is necessary to seriously modify the ideological and practical foundations of macro level decision makers as well as the educational and research system of the country in accordance with the requirements of an Iranian - Islamic culture to respond to the current strategic issues of the country and scientifically and practically update the academic textbooks in the field of strategic management (and particularly strategic decision making). Hence, while enjoying the achievements of today’s knowledge, the epistemic foundations of this knowledge should naturally be adopted from the Quranic teachings and the prophetic tradition - administrators and compatible with Iranian culture.

Public management theory in the field of public administration has been influenced and dominated by the knowledge of political science, economics, law, behavioral sciences, and social psychology in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Since the emergence of theoretical and applied knowledge of public management, theories of public management have been classified and introduced within the same paradigms and theories of classical public management, managerialism or new public management, good governance, new public service, public value management, and so on. This article aims to explore the main paradigms and theories of public management within the framework of Barl and Morgan. Contemporary theories of public management, under the titles of classical public management paradigm, bureaucratization, managerialism or new public management, have to a large extent roots in functionalist sociology and carry values of objectivity, hierarchical obedience, positivist epistemology, and a tendency towards universalizing theories of public management beyond cultures, emphasizing the preservation of the existing state. Modern orientations in public management, with a focus on human-centricity by shifting attention from economics to culture and cognitive processes, carry values of mentalism, inter-mental relationships, meta-positivism, voluntarism, and conscious choice of actors, and emphasize the space of interpretation, discourse, and social constructions.

The main purpose of research is to design and validate the open innovation model in the university. To achieve this goal, a sequential combined exploratory method has been used. The research methodology is the use of a mixed approach. In the qualitative stage, using the data theory of the foundation and through semi-structured interviews and interviews with ten experts and researchers of open innovation who were selected theoretically. Data were collected and using the Strauss and Corbin systematic design of open innovation components in the form of a conceptual data model of the foundation. A questionnaire and a preliminary model were designed based on the findings of the qualitative stage. After assessing the validity (Lavache) and Cronbach's alpha reliability of 0/85, a questionnaire was designed to 364 professors of mother universities using the proportional stratified sampling method. Findings show that the components of open innovation presented in the systematic design using Amos24 software The first and second order confirmatory factor analysis methods were validated Factor loads of all components are greater than 0/4 and t values ​​are greater than 1/96 The results indicate an acceptable fit for all components presented in the systematic design.

The production and processing of ideas, theories, conceptual and operational models with a religion-based approach (Qur'an) in the field of progress management and in particular strategic decision-making, depends on their methodical production and processing within the revelatory teachings of the Holy Qur'an. In this regard, it is necessary to address the "what are the paradigm foundations" in order to establish the correct epistemological framework in the knowledge of strategic decision-making of the Qur'an. To this end, in the present article, an attempt has been made to understand and explain some of the implications based on the ontological foundations related to the subject of strategic decision-making, using content analysis and thematic analysis in ATLAS.ti software. These analyzes are based on the combined mechanism of the implication research method and implication logic in the literature of the science of principles and according to AL-ANFAL Surah. This process led to the extraction of 204 primary codes, 25 basic themes, and 6 organizing themes, including the nature of social realities in strategic decision-making, the role of human nature in strategic decision-making, the role of humans in strategic decision-making, the fate of phenomena in strategic decision-making, the role of divine traditions in strategic decision-making, the manifestation of truth, and the theological tradition in strategic decision-making. All six of these are subsets of a broader theme, the ontological foundations of strategic decision making. The results of this article can lay the groundwork for production, processing, and development of the theory and knowledge of strategic decision-making of the Quran by researchers, and thus the presentation of specific applied models for strategic managers from the perspective of religious (Quranic) thoughts in research and development objectivity.

Citizen-centered government agencies are a prototype of new public service approach which, in effect, calls for citizenship orientation of state-owned agencies. This study aimes at developing a citizen-centered model in the Iranian public sector with a new public service approach. 

To realize this purpose, the main themes of the main subject of the study were identified using the grounded theory method. The statistical population of the study was the managers of Tax Organization in Tehran. Based on purposeful sampling method, 12 subjects were  selected. Interviews were performed for data collection and to analyze data, MAXQDA Version 12 software was employed. 

According to the research findings, the central categories of citizen-centered theme in the public sector of Iran include citizen participation, decision-making transparency and accountability. The findings also show that the rule of law, political stability and management stability affect the establishment of citizen-centered governmental organizations and this, in turn, brings about security and economic consequences. 

This study presents a new citizen-centered model with a new approach for public sector in Iran. The model is appropriate for the nature of government organizations in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

According to the identified model, the establishment of citizen-centered approach in Iran’s government organizations depends on investment in e-infrastructure and development of e-government.

The aim of the present paper is to present an appropriate framework to explain the position of each marketing concept and determine the significance of tourism marketing among marketing concepts, in terms of approach, technique and paradigm. To do so and in the first step, functional and important concepts of marketing were identified using ultra-combination method. In order to determine the position of tourism marketing among marketing concepts, multiple-stage Delphi technique was employed. Research population consists of a mixture of academic experts in marketing in and outside the country. The sample size in the second phase of the study was determined to be 26. Finally, through data analyses via single-variable t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the concepts were classified based on methodological levels, and tourism marketing was placed in paradigm category based on the conducted tests and the experts' opinions. Then, using TOPSIS, the position of tourism marketing was determined.

A significant part of academic studies in the field of public administration is devoted to the evolution of public sector movements in this field. These movements, sometimes referred to as movement, pattern, model, approach, paradigm, or quasi-paradigm, have their own theoretical and ontological, epistemological, anthropological, methodological, and axiological fundamentals. Paying attention to these fundamentals will help us to gain a deeper understanding of public sector movements. Public administration in a comprehensive and collage-like approach requires a simultaneous understanding of the philosophical fundamentals of public sector movements. Government officials in different societies need to have a clear understanding of these fundamentals in order to make the most effective decisions possible. The result of the dialectical contradiction between the traditional public administration (thesis) and the new public administration (antithesis) was the formation of killer syntheses, including new public management, new public services, and public value management. The present article surveys the evolution of public sector movements, seeks to categorize their philosophical fundamentals, and finally, in a table, provides a framework for a better understanding of them.

This article has been carried out through the philosophical-ijtihadi method and the mixed research strategy. After providing the ideal foundation of Islamic Human Sciences by analyzing the contents of the statements of two Imams of the Islamic Revolution, the gap between the desired situation and the current situation has been analyzed via questioning the expert sample. According to the findings of this paper, the selected scenario is "the revolution". Both in terms of the logic of fundamental change and in terms of expert sample, the transformation of the common humanities and the attainment of the Islamic human sciences can be realized merely through the occurrence of a paradigmatic revolution and the establishment of the new Islamic paradigm. This requires the predominance of a strategic discourse in thought and science atmosphere in seminaries and universities. The central elemet of such a discourse is the "revolutionary change strategy", which is complemented by adopting a coordinated strategy package in the strategic reference points approach. In this way, the genus of work is the "movement" which will activate the continuous process of theorizing for the production of Islamic science based on the Islamic foundation.

The coming war is not a paradigm (model) and a war, but a new managerial approach or a different view of war definitions. The patterns of future warfare have one thing in common: managing to change the shape of the war through a formative process based on important milestones. But each of these models has a specific basis for staging and managing the evolution of the war, which makes their description somewhat different from each other. The main purpose of this research is to spectrum the best war patterns and compare the strengths of the two sides to manage the possible future war according to the current trends and prophecies, in full and through in-depth interviews with experts and experts, which are 30 people. These studies have been conducted in a case-by-case manner and are of the developmental-applied type. The method of field and library information collection has been analyzed using expert analysis methods. Is. Based on the available results, in the future war, the alignment and non-alignment of the war have a significant relationship with the level of deterrence and severity of conflict. There are 14 future war paradigms or paradigms that are influenced by 9 trends and 8 leaders. According to existing management approaches, emerging patterns of future warfare are: cyber warfare, the superior model of cognitive-centered approach, unconventional warfare, the superior model of idealistic approach, resistance warfare, the superior model of ideological-centric approach.

In the real world, in every problem, decision making of stakeholder of that problem is very important. Sometimes, at first, the definition of the problem is ambiguous, and the stakeholders of the problem, even at the stage of definition, are in conflict. The subject of stakeholders with different thoughts and sometimes incompatible thoughts has not been considered in traditional operational research (hard) and to structure these problems, it is necessary to use the new approaches to operational research that address the disparate categories of stakeholders (emancipating / critical and postmodern paradigms). If the nature of the problem is complex, choosing an appropriate approach among the above mentioned approaches is of particular importance. In the present study, after introducing various state of stakeholders, bring together the concept of paradigm in operational research and introducing relevant methodologies, describes the paradigm selection model and problem-solving methodology in the framework of the SOSM which proposes a postmodern paradigm for complex problems with coercive stakeholder. After reviewing the postmodern basics, a brief overview of postmodern thinking in the operational research is presented and after introducing the basics of postmodern operational research and its corresponding methodology, describes how it works based on that.

esign science research (DSR) is a modern and contemporary approach which is recently used by system science researchers such as information system scientists and decision support system experts. However, these years, a few studies in decision and management science have employed design science research to solve managerial problems especially in Iran. It is due to the lack of transparency in its theoretical background and some gaps in design science research literature such as inadequate techniques and tools, ignore of some important artifacts like method and vagueness in relations among different components of design science research. The current study aims to do a systematic literature review to discuss these gaps and develop initiatives to solve them. Moreover, it proposes some new techniques and tools to do design science research. Finally, to illustrate applicability of the developed methodology, an example is presented. It uses the developed methodology to design a modeling method of the complex social and technical systems.

In order to achieve this goal, one of the best styles can be Servant Leadership. This study aims to present a model of Servant Leadership in higher education (University of Ilam).
The research is exploratory mixed method research in the categories of applied research and field method is used for data collection. Data is collected by tools interviews and questionnaires. The Statistical population of this research was chosen from the higher education (universities of Ilam), the number of statistical sample for the qualitative section were 8 and for the Delphi section were 20 experts of higher education that were selected by snowball sampling and non-random sampling.
The analysis of Delphi section was conducted by statistical tests including mean, standard deviation and Kendall's coefficient. Results revealed that following dimensions make up an Islamic approach: serving, servant leadership competencies, outcomes of servant leadership, trust, humanism, humility, commitment, altruism and forecasting model of servant leadership in higher education.
Based on research findings, it can be concluded that the Institutionalizing of the service leadership style has various personal and organizational consequences such as insight, spiritual and personality development of employees, Unifying, empowerment, and improvement of organizational communication and provision of training programs for employees.

Recently, the combination of modeling methods to overcome the complexity of the socio-technical systems are prevalent. However, these combinations have done without considering the compatibility of them in theoretical and tool level. Therefore, the current study proposes a guide framework to synthesize the modeling methods of socio-technical systems. To achieve this aim, a critical interpretive meta-synthesis has been developed. As a result, 12 descriptive themes are identified and categorized in five synthetic constructs. Then, position of the methods in these constructs are specified and five analytic constructs are determined. In addition, to show that how the framework works, the possibility of synthesis of strategic choice approach as a modeling method with other methods is investigated.

The word paradigm has become so inflexible in the warp of various disciplines, from natural science to human sciences, that it is necessary to understand the concept and dimensions of it for each researcher and, accordingly, has become a dominant concept in the philosophy of science. There are various definitions of the paradigm, but one can imagine a paradigm as a set of fundamental beliefs and assumptions that are embodied in ontology, epistemology, and methodology. Several divisions of paradigms have been made, but in the science of organization and management, the division of paradigms into structuralism, fundamental anthropology, interpretiveism, and functionalism are more prevalent. In this paper, with a description of each paradigm, the impact of changing the philosophical paradigms on knowledge management has been discussed and it is stated that over time the paradigm of knowledge management has changed from positivism to postmodern. In addition to examining the process of changing the paradigm in theory, a study was conducted on 40 papers between 2011 and 2015 to determine the dominant paradigm of the international research space in knowledge management. The results showed that the paradigm of functionalism (positivism) overwhelms other paradigms.

Optimal allocation of research funds based on research priorities; Mobilization of existing research capacities and capabilities in small and medium enterprises and supporting enterprises to respond to research needs; Create the necessary conditions for applying the research results and findings from necessary research projects; Prospective study in research and avoid instantaneous and non-strategic decision-making; and the underlying connection for more communication between decisions and researchs through basic researchs required for commercial system are facts that not only as a research needs assessment activities are necessary to introduce, but also as one of its fundamental research activities in the process of compiling research programs.In order to identify research needs of commercial systems, this research by using in-depth interview, Delphi technique and questionnaires identified about 450 research priorities in 13 different axis, and used the Friedman test to prioritize them in areas discussed.The results suggested some of the more important priorities that have been identified as foremost priorities in the respective tables. Less important priorities were identified as the secondary priorities. In the end, both substantive and procedural recommendations for improving future studies were offered.

Management and leadership theories and models، like other fields of knowledge، are under the influence of scientific paradigms. Two important paradigms، i. e. the Newtonian paradigm and quantum paradigm have seriously affected organizational theories and models. The formulation of the principles of modern sciences requires knowledge of leadership techniques in modern organizations so that these technologies and principles offer a new metaphor for organizations'' life and leadership activities. Meanwhile، traditional organizations'' development models have been replaced by new models and methods of intervention in an age of uncertainty، complexity، globalization and rapid change. The start of 21st century can be named، technologically speaking، as the era of quantum. The key to organizational excellence is outstanding leadership. Seven quantum skills can activate leaders of the 21st century for creating a new level of organizational excellence in order to use the most powerful energy of the universe i. e. the energy of the mind. If leaders and their organizations really intend to progress in this new era، they need to make the managers take an intellectual leap forward and develop a new skill. Quantum leadership that is based on making the best decision in complex situations requires seven quantum skills that enable organizations'' leaders to adopt dynamic and intuitive thinking. In other words، we can no longer define leadership as the act of influencing others for realizing determined goals، but rather a process in which searching the goals and proceeding to the goals are more significant and valuable that the goals themselves. This article aims to review the literature related to leadership and quantum organizations، plus examining the paradigmatic effects of quantum theory on organizational theories and quantum theory-related models.

The present study is an interdisciplinary survey to identify the sociological basis of Aviation technologies as per four well-known sociological paradigms: Functionalism, Interpretivism, Humanism and Structuralism. First of all, the main technologies of aviation industry will be listed with a preliminary introduction to sociological paradigms. The main idea of the present study is to propose a conceptual framework for the classification and interpretation of aviation industry technologies philosophically, sociologically and technologically; on the basis of a matrix which is created by the integration of technological criteria in Perrow’s typology with that of Burrell and Morgan’s sociological paradigms. As per results of a questionnaire with the sample of 15 experts, aviation technologies location in each matrix had been identified and finally four sets of technologies had been determined: Functional technologies, Interpretive technologies, Humanistic technologies and Structural technologies. At the end, suggestions also have been proposed.

Public policies on administrative system are principled guidelines to actions taken by triple branches of the state, non-governmental agencies, and army forces. Administrative system is a set of interacting components (Structure, function, and governing values) forming an integrated whole to achieve political, economic, and social goals. General Public policies on administration system are useful tools to problems of governmental administration which are formulated and issued recently by the Supreme Leader of The Islamic Revolution in Iran. To implement general public policies in the administration system, it is necessary to adopt strategies for reforming and modernizing administrative system, in relation to 2025 Iran Vision. Hence, it is necessary to recognize the dominant paradigm which is underlining the general public policies in administration system. This Paradigm can direct decision makers towards reforming administrative system. This article addresses the aligning reform plans and general public policies in the administration system.

Since the evolution of Public administration as an academic and scientific discipline, different competitive approaches have come forward in this area. Public administration as a profession, a scientific field and a political process; or, public administration as an area totally distinguished from business management; and legal, political and administrative approaches towards public administration have resulted into accumulation of irrelevant theories and concepts in public administration realm, engulfing this subject into identity crisis. In order to emancipate this field from its present identity crisis various scholars of public administration have attempted to regularize and organizing the concepts and theories of this field. The present work is an investigation in theories and paradigms of public administration; and the writers have tried to study the evolutionary process of public administration from inception to its present situation. In this regard, the concepts and theories of public administration have categorized into three paradigms: Traditional Public Administration paradigm, New Public Management paradigm and finally the new paradigm of Good Governance. To be noted, in this typology, these paradigms have gradually come into being since ninetieth century in a chronicle order and after transformation, new paradigms have replaced the previous ones.