The effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation on morphological properties of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.)

In this research، The effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation was evaluated on morphological characteristics. In order to obtain the best irrigation and nitrogen levels، the research was conducted in pot and greenhouse system in Zahedan. The treatments included three amounts of nitrogen fertilizer (20، 40 and 60 kg/ha) and three irrigation regimes (2 mm per week، 4mm per 2 weeks and 2 mm per 2 weeks). The studied factors were flower yield، plant height، flowering time، and anthodia height and anthodia diameter. The results indicated that the increase of nitrogen fertilizer from 20 to 60 kg/ha improved plant height، early flowering، anthodia height and diameter significantly. Highest amount of flower dry yield is obtained in 40 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer but highest amount of flower wet yield is obtained in 60 kg/ha and the lowest amount of flower wet yield is obtained in 40 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer. Irrigation also affects flower dry weight، anthodia diameter and flowering time in 2mm irrigation per week and 4 mm irrigation per two weeks increased plant height and flower wet weight significantly. The interactions between nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation was significant as plant height (31. 89 cm)، flowers wet weight (8. 78 gr per pot) and flowering time (41 days) as concerned and the best treatments was 60 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation 4 mm per two weeks. According to the results، it appears that 60 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer plus 4 mm irrigation per two weeks was the best treatment to produce the flower yield in German chamomile in organic system.