Cairo's Fences and Gateways from the Beginning of its Foundation to the End of Salah al-din al-Ayyubi Reign

The fences and gates were very important for defending of cities in the Islamic middle ages. So, the kings and rulers paid special attention to reconstruct and reinforce them in various times. The fences and gateways of Cairo, as a famous capital in the middle ages and due to its strategic location and outstanding capabilities of geographical, political and commercial, were rebuilt several times. This paper has evaluated the construction, reconstruction and development of Cairo fences and gateways from the beginning of its establishment to the end of Salah al-din al-Ayyubi reign.