Genetic Diversity among Some Iranian Viola (Viola spp.) Genotypes Using Molecular Markers ISSR

Ever Green sweet violets (Viola spp.) are perennial herbaceous plants that have medicinal properties and they were planted in Europe since ancient times. They are native to East Asia, the Mediterranean and north-eastern parts of Europe.In this research, studying of the species diversity as well as the genetic among some Iranian Viola species was performed. This research was at 2012–2013 and included: samples from young leaves of plants in the field and laboratory works, involves extracting DNA, PCR and electrophoresis etc that was done in the laboratory of Horticultural Science, Tarbiat Modarres University. A total of 37 genotypes of the two species V.odorata and V. alba were examined. In this study 20 random primers were used for PCR reaction on the template DNAs extracted from leaves, which 18 showed good amplification and polymorphism. Totally, 117 bands ranging from 200 to 1000 bp with 59 polymorphic bands were produced. Cluster analysis using UPGMA algorithm were separated genotypes into 4 distinct groups. Based on The genetic similarity coefficient both species have a high genetic similarity (91.2 percent) and both species have very low genetic distance (9.2 percent).In other words alba genotypes as part of the Caspian Sea to the West Caspian Sea are genetically very closely related odorata species. But genotypes alba species from the central part of the Caspian Sea to the East Caspian Sea, quite apart from odorata species and higher genetic similarity Is seen between species at East to the West coast of the Caspian Sea. Words: