Genomic and Phytochemical Assessment of Chavir (Ferulago angulate) under Different in vitro Conditions

Ferulago angulata (Known in Iran as Chavir) is an endangered species with Anti fugal and anti-bacterial activity that can act as a natural preservator.
Evaluation the effect of in vitro culture conditions and plant growth regulators on somaclonal variation and the phytochemical content of in vitro regenerated plants.
Induced calli were transferred to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) for regeneration stage. The essential oils were extracted by Clevenger apparatus and the yield and composition of essential oils were assayed by GC/Mass. Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR), Start codon Targeted (SCoT) and CAAT Box Derived Polymorphism (CBDP) markers were used to assess somaclonal variation.
The highest callus formation was obtained via radicle explant in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 1mg/L BAP. Maximum percentage of regeneration was occurred via derived calli from hypocotyl in MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L BAP and 0.5 NAA. The phytochemical assay revealed a considerable differences between natural habitats and in vitro regenerated plants. The percentage of α-Pinene in plants derived from natural habitats and in vitro conditions were 27 and 1.53 respectively. The yield of essential oils were 2.26 and 0.64 (ml/100g D.M.) in natural habitats and in vitro regenerated plants respectively. The result of PCR assay indicated genetic variation between tissue cultured samples.
The results indicated that in vitro culture conditions had a considerable effect on genome and metabolome of Ferulago angulate.