Shortchanging Domain in Jurisprudence and Iran's Law

One of the forbidden things and damages in social and economic relations is shortchanging (taṭfīf). Although shortchanging is of utmost importance in commercial and measurement domain, it also applies to practical, legal, worshiping, and moral domains. Any shortcoming in human right and failure in accomplishing social and religious injunctions are considered as shortchanging, which is forbidden in jurisprudence and Islamic Republic of Iran’s law. Its domain includes various kinds of things sold (measurement, weighing, etc. in real and virtual space), failure in accomplishing practical and service commitment, spouses’ failure in performing their duties, and shortcoming in worshiping.