Addictive Approaches and Models

Addictive approaches and models introduce various factors as effective factors in tendency to addiction. The methodology of this research was library and documentary. Addictive approaches and models were assessed by reviewing scientific findings and analytical and theoretical approaches. Each model emphasizes the perception of addiction or specific addictive behaviors through tendency to addiction and different factors in its continuation. The socio-environmental model mostly knows addiction as the reflection of environmental factors such as poverty, low socioeconomic status, social pressures, association with crooked people, etc. The psychological model considers addiction as the result of failure in the will of the substance-dependent individual, and the genetic and hereditary model looks for the response from a biological point of view. Since each of these models has presented one-dimensional and imperfect views, some experts have moved towards integrating these explanations and have proposed a bio-psycho-social model. Of course, in recent years, spirituality dimension has also been added to this model. Based on this model, addiction is the result of the intersection of biological, psychological, social and spiritual factors. Addiction as a social harm shapes along with problems such as unemployment, poverty, divorce, etc under the influence of psychological reasons of a person established in the context of family, association with peers, and society, requires serious attention and volition to reduce its harms due to its superabundant consequences in the country’s economic-politic system. Therefore, it is better to plan for the prevention and treatment of addiction considering biological, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions. The most important feature of this model is its comprehensive and holistic look at human