فصلنامه سلامت اجتماعی و اعتیاد
پیاپی 20 (زمستان 1397)

This study aimed to compare parent-child conflict and emotional intelligence in adolescent girls with or without substance-dependent father. This research was a causal-comparative design. The stastical population of this study included all high school female students with and without substance-dependent father in the academic year 2017-2018 in the city of Rasht. The sample consisted of 60 female students with substance-dependent father and 60 female students without substance-dependent father who were selected by using convenient sampling and completed the Parent-Child Conflict Questionnaire and the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. The results showed that there were significant differences between female students with and without substance-dependent father in parent-child conflict and emotional intelligence, so that female students with substance-dependent father had higher parent-child conflict and lower emotional intelligence than female students without substance-dependent father. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the substance dependence in father can be an effective factor in increasing parent-child conflict and reducing emotional intelligence in adolescent girls.

Dependence on the substance as a factor contributing to the impairment of individual and social health imposes numerous damages to societies in different areas including personal, family, health, cultural, social, and economic aspects. It is necessary to take counter actions to deal with using drugs and psychedelics. As a dynamic, alive, cheerful and moving system, society has unlimited capacities and potentials that can be used to prevent drug dependence. Therefore, the socialization of the struggle against drugs is essential. The purpose of this article was to review the social approach to cope with drug use, with an emphasis on the role of social participation. So, firstly, the socialization approach to struggle against drugs was explained and then the role of social participation and a review of the research literature, and finally the discussion and conclusions and suggestions were discussed. Prevention is one of the most important pillars to cope with drug use and its dependence. In other words, attention to the prevention approach is always better than treatment. Prevention can be performed in different foci of societies. Encouragement of prevention in the community level and great participation of the various strata of the community play an effective role to cope with drugs. The social approach in preventing drug dependence is in fact "the national development" and is based on "participation". Theoretical and research evidence on the role of social participation in the prevention of drug dependence is very limited, and the need for increasing knowledge and research in this regard is very necessary. Existing research evidence also denotes the importance of social participation in preventing a variety of social harms, especially drug dependence. In sum, it can be said that "social participation" plays a very important role in "the socialization to cope with drug use" and by using a social approach to cope with drug use, with an emphasis on social participation, one can prevent drug dependence and harms stemmed from it.

The aim of the present research was to compare resilience, self-efficacy, hope and optimism between substance-dependent individuals and normal subjects. In this research, a sample of 160 individuals (80 substance-dependent subjects reffering to addiction treatment centers in Shahrood and 80 normal subjects) were selected using convenient sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003), the Schwarzer and Jerusalem Generalized Self-Efficacy scale (1995), the Snyder's Hope Questionnaire (1991), and the Scheier & Carver Optimism Questionnaire (1985). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in resilience, self-efficacy, hope and optimism, so that substance-dependent individuals had significantly lower scores on resilience, self-efficacy, hope and optimism than normal subjects. It seems that tendency to use drugs can effectively be prevented by identifying protective factors including resilience, self-efficacy, hope and optimism as well as strengthening them in individuals.

The aim of the present study was to examine the roles of personality deviant features to predict resistance to change in substance users. The present study was a correlational-descriptive research. The statistical population of the current research consisted of all individuals with substance use referring to addiction treatment centers of the city of Esfahan in the second half of the year 2017. Among which, 120 individuals were selected using cluster random sampling and completed the Resistance to Change Scale and the Personality Deviance Scale. Data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analysis methods. The results showed that resistance to change had significant and positive associations with hostile thoughts, denigration of others, lack of self-confidence, dependency, submissiveness, and hostile actions. Also, the results of multiple regression analysis indicated that the components of personality deviant features explained 49% of total variance of resistance to change. The findings suggest that personality deviant features can be risk factors for resistance to change in individuals with substance use.

The purpose of this study was to compare the perceived social support in undertreatment drug users with and without HIV. This research was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population consisted of all under treatment drug users reffering to addiction treatment centers in Shiraz. The study sample included 40 undertreatment drug users suffering from HIV and 40 undertreatment drug users without HIV were selected using convenient sampling. To collect data, participants completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. In this research, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there were significant differences between under methadone treatment drug users with and without HIV in three dimensions of perceived social support in the area of friends, significant others and family, so that undertreatment drug users with HIV significantly scored higher on perceived social support in the area of friends, significant others and family that those without HIV. These findings suggest the importance of social support in drug-dependent individuals. Therefore, a drug-dependent individual can better adapt to his/her own problems and environment, and take steps to recover if he/she is supported by family, friends and significant others.

The aim of the present study was to predict proneness to addiction based on emotion regulation strategies and brain behavioral systems in adolescents. The research was a correlational-descriptive study. The statistical population of this study involved all adolescent boys in the city of Tehran. 220 adolescent boys were selected by convenient sampling and completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnire, the Behavioral Inhibition/Aprroach Systems Scales, and the Addiction Potential Scale. Data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis with stepwise methods. The results reveald that proneness to addiction was significantly and negatively related to adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies such as acceptance, positive refocusing, and refocus on planning and had significant positive association with all maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (self-blame, other-blame, rumination, and catastrophizing). Also, there is significant and positive relation between BAS and proneness to addiction. The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that cognitive emotion regulation strategies and behavioral approach system predicted 24% of total variance of proneness to addiction. Therefore, it can be concluded that cognitive emotion regulation strategies and brain behavioral systems play important roles in predicting proneness to addiction. As a result, it can be expected that by training emotional regulation skills and identifying individuals with high behavioral approach system, the use of drugs in individuals would be prevented.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on irrational thoughts, sleep quality and craving in individuals with substance use disorder. This study was a quasi-experimental research conducted in the form of pretest-posttest with control group. The stastical population of this study included males aged 20-40 years with substance use disorder reffering to addiction treatment centers in Mashhad in 2018. Using convenient sampling, 30 individuals with substance use disorder were selected and were included randomly in experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. To collect data, Jones's Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Craving Beleifs Questionnnaire were used. The experimental group received eight 90-minute sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and the control group was put in the waiting list. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was effective to decrease irrational thoughts and craving as well as to increase sleep quality in individuals with substance use disorder. Regarding the importance of irrational thoughts, sleep quality and craving in individuals with substance use disorder, addiction treatment centers can reduce irrational thoughts and craving and improve sleep quality by using mindfulness cognitive-behavioral therapy in individuals with substance use disorder.