Identifying and leveling the barriers to women's promotion in managerial posts in Iranian educational system based on Interpretative Structural Modeling

The purpose of this study was to identify and leveling the barriers to women's promotion in managerial posts in Iranian educational system based on Interpretative Structural Modeling. The research method in present study to identify and factors categorizing was a qualitative approach and method was case study. The participants of the study consisted of faculty members of Iranian Universities and then among them, 13 faculty members were selected as research sample based on purposeful sampling. To assess the validity of the questionnaire, a content validity criterion was used. the questionnaire was originally reviewed by experts of the field of women and after the final amendments were finalized.The data collection tool was a self-interactive questionnaire (ISM) and content validity was confirmed by specialists. The results showed that 10 factors are considered as factors affecting the barriers to women's promotion in managerial posts in Iranian educational system. Also, factor analysis showed that this model has 8 levels that were determined from the deepest and most influential level to the most surface. The eighth level of model was norms based on religious traditionalism that is as deepest level of model. The seventh level of model is dominance of patriarchal culture and also stereotypical attitude toward women's management. The sixth level of model is the unwritten gender discrimination. The fifth level of model is dismissal of women's management by employees, and women's inability to deal violently and not risk-taking. The fourth level of model is the lack of self-confidence and self-esteem of women. The third level of model is Job conflict with family duties. The second level is the disapproving women's responsibility for management and finally the first level of model is lack of suitability in employment.