Assessing the Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Determining the Prevalence of Microbial Species in Children with Urinary Tract Infections Referring to Motahari Hospital in Urmia

Urinary tract infections are among the most prevalent diseases in children and can lead to serious complications if improperly treated with antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the bacteriological factors and resistance of children to urinary infection antibiotics. This descriptive and cross-sectional research was performed on 160 children, who referred to Motahari Hospital in Urmia with a positive urine culture. The desired strains were recognized and identified using biochemical tests and differential culture media. In addition, antibiotic resistance pattern of the strains was determined by disc fusion method (Kirby-Bauer) as recommended by CLSI. Moreover, data analysis was performed using Chi-square, and P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.  Of 160 children assessed, 119 were female, and 41 were male. According to the results, the highest prevalence of urinary infection was related to the age range below two years. In addition, the most and least strains separated from urine cultures included E.coli (81.3%) and S.saprophyticus (1.9%), respectively. Furthermore, E.coli isolates had the most resistance to cotrimoxazole (64.6%), and nitrofurantoin was recognized as the most effective antibiotic with 90% sensitivity. According to the results of the study, the use of nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin antibiotics is recommended for primary treatment of urinary infections. Given the different frequency distribution of antibiotic resistance in various regions and periods, it is suggested that antibiotic resistance be assessed periodically to control infection.