Effects of Biofertilizers, Nano Zn Oxide and Nano Fe Oxide on Quantum Yield and Variation of Grain Filling of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Soil Salinity Condition

In order to evaluate the effects of nano Zn oxide, nano Fe oxide and bio fertilizer on variation of some physiological traits and grain filling parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under soil salinity, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2015. Treatments were included soil  salinity in three levels,  no-salt or control, salinity 25 and 50 mM respectively, by NaCl, seed inoculation by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria at four levels, no bio fertilizer (F1), seed inoculation by Azotobacter chroococcum strain 5 (F2), Azospirillum lipoferum strain OF (F3), Pseudomonas putida strain 186 (F4) and foliar application at four levels, without nano or foliar application by water as control, application of nano Zn oxide, nano Fe oxide and nano Fe-Zn oxide 1.5 g.lit-1). The results showed that the maximum grain filling components such as maximum of grain weight (0.049 g), grain filling rate (0.00172 g.day-1), grain filling period (52.85 days) and effective grain filling period (39.18 days) were obtained in no salinity, application of nano Zn-Fe oxide and seed inoculation by Pseudomonas. Similar results were obtained for chlorophyll index and quantum yield. Application of nano Zn-Fe oxide increased about 17.40% from grain yield in comparison with no application of nano oxide in the highest salinity level. Generally, it seems that bio fertilizer and nano Zn-Fe oxide can be used as a proper tool for increasing wheat yield under salinity condition.