Assessment of Factors Influencing Form in Vernacular Architecture; In Cold and Mountainous Climate

In a general glance, vernacular knowledge is part of the national capital which embraces beliefs, values and knowing of each nation. It can be considered as a set of natural, cultural, traditional and social conditions of a region that includes a wide range of cultural, climatic, artistic, literary features… of a human community. Ancient history of Iranian architecture has created a large collection of criteria and designing methods of vernacular form and physic that is shaped by geographical, cultural and livelihood variables. Recognition of region, vernacular architecture, form, semantic and functional commonality of these factors can create a powerful background for the current architecture, because one of the most important issues in the habitats of human societies is looking to the local problems of that land and without considering the vernacular issues and quantity and quality of social, cultural, political, economic and climatic issues of every region and land, planning will face with unresolved challenges. At the other hand, according to the experts, today a serious crisis has struck our architecture, along this, it is constantly discussed that vernacular architecture has not come up with such crisis. Hence, it seems that, for explaining the form in Iran›s contemporary architecture, it has to go further and assessing it in the vernacular architecture in order to grasp correct understanding of it in the present. Vernacular architecture is the basis for the importance of the cultural and social values of any society that must be recognized for the globalization of each nation, because the values of architecture and society culture begin from the basis of its vernacular architecture and also the vernacular-style approach to architecture requires understanding of vernacular knowledge and environmental conditions because architecture in vernacular-bed is the result of adaptation to culture and climatic. It is clear that vernacular architecture has deep relation with region so, by referring to, we can achieve the influential factors of it. On the other hand, architecture consist of different parts, which the discussion of the form is one of them. So, for survey the crisis in the architecture, different parts can be distinguished and survey them separately, in this research, the form of building and the factors influencing it in residential vernacular architecture are examined. It should be noted that the designer›s artisans on the factors influencing building design have a prerequisite for the correct intervention. With these interpretations, the main problem of the research is that how the form is associated with the roots of vernacular and the question that arises is that what factors of the region and consequently vernacular architecture affected on the form? And the form by what particular factors was largely determined? this impacts How and to what extent is? To get the answer, in the theoretical part, with qualitative approach and library and using the analytical-descriptive method, theoretical framework represented. Also, in practical section, by providing a questionnaire and interviewing the person with the opinion and case studies, the mentioned theoretical framework in relation to houses in a cold and, mountainous climatic is evaluated by SPSS statistical test. The questionnaire contains questions from the indices of the vernacular in the fourth tables on vernacular architecture forms which has been studied in the west of the country. The statistical population of this research consist of 25 faculty members, that the reason for this choice is their familiarity with the subject. University professor with their scientific knowledge have the greatest influence in this research.
Eventually, the findings are analyzed by using logical reasoning in relation with the theoretical framework that discussed in this research and it will be determined which factor (s) will have the most impact on the vernacular architecture. By accomplishing this research and achieving its results, the contribution of different parts and concepts affecting the form of vernacular architecture was revealed more than ever. The result of this research confirm that finding out the factors associated with the form in vernacular architecture depends on the recognition of the content elements and the various aspects involved in vernacular architecture that these funds were studied in various cultural, social, economic, climatic and other fields. According to the experts, the result show that the index of beliefs (culture-religion) with the highest average (3.82) is the first priority, and the index of physical principles of construction (material-technique) with the lowest average (3.44) also is the last priority and in general in order of importance, all the main indicators; beliefs, welfare factors, geography of the place and physical principles of construction have favorable conditions in terms of impact in the form of residential buildings.