Comparative Study on Criminal Justice Systems Challenges about Virtual currencies crimes

Virtual currencies are a new phenomenon that is extracted and transmitted over the Internet using new technologies. Decentralization, transboundary, anonymity of users, encryption and irreversibility of transactions are features that make the use of virtual currencies in criminal activity more attractive to criminals.
The uncertainty over the legal status of the central bank and its role in enforcing monetary and banking regulations will pose challenges to criminal proceedings related to virtual currencies; In the first place, the identification of virtual currencies that lack legal and central backing in the Iranian legal system as domestic and foreign currency and, secondly, the validity of the title of the foreign exchange for such transactions can be a source of ambiguity for the judicial system. To be considered. This paper is a descriptive-analytical methodological one and has been used to answer research questions in a comparative manner and from library sources.
Precise legal definition of virtual currencies and their legal nature, modification of laws related to virtual currencies and adoption of new laws taking into account the unique features of virtual currencies in cases where the law does not exist, Determining criminal matters related to virtual currencies where it is not possible to comply with current laws, cooperating with foreign countries and international institutions in the exchange of information and communications related to virtual currencies, Agreement between the private and public sector on the use and application of virtual currency experts and the training of prosecutors and law enforcement officers are among the suggested solutions to address the challenges of dealing with virtual currency crimes.