The effect of environmental geography on the ethics and affirmation of the people of Basra in the era of Imam Ali (as)

Understanding the environment and geographical factors of Basra city and their impact on people's morals and behavior along with awareness of other individual and social factors of the people of this city in the era of Imam Ali (AS) can be the cause of visual deviation in breaking allegiance to Imam Ali (AS) and waging war. Make the sentence clearer. After the victory in the Battle of Jaml, Imam Ali (AS) condemned the Basrians and considered the Sufi thoughts of the people of this city to be influenced by factors such as the geographical environment of Basra.The present study, in a descriptive-analytical way and by collecting library data, especially the book of Nahj al-Balagheh and the statements of Imam Ali (AS) in the face of the people of Basra, tries to find the causes and behavior of the people in opposition to Imam Ali (AS) in the field of factors. Explain geography at that time. The results of this study show that the natural environment and geographical factors such as (water, soil, air, transportation routes, port status, proximity to civilized countries, etc.) along with many other factors, affect morality and visual behavior and as a result part of The causes and grounds for their deviation from Imam Ali (as) are formed by the natural environment.Of course, natural factors have not had an algebraic and unchangeable effect, and they have only facilitated and caused the behavioral deviation of the people of Basra in the face of Imam Ali (as) in the Alawite era.