The study of deposition schemes effect of absorbing layer on performance of hole transport material free halogen mixed perovskite solar cells

The quality of the perovskite film as an absorbing layer has a key role on photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells. One of the essential ways to control the perovskite crystal layer quality and morphology, is application of the suitable deposition method. In this work, we have used four optimised methods (i.e. S1: two step immersion, S2: one step with antisolvent, S3: one step without antisolvent and S4: vapor- assisted solution process) of fabricating perovskite absorbing layer of solar cells. The study of fabricated solar cells revealed that the S4 method leads to the dense and pin-hole-free and fully coverage layers of perovskite which present the best performance (PCE: 8.82%, J SC 13.70 mA/cm 2 , V OC 1 V and FF: 0.63). However, in commercialization and economical point of view, S3 method is suggested.