Imam Ali’s (As) Allegiance to the First Caliph in the Balance of Criticism "Case Study of Sermon 37 Nahj al-Balaghah"

Through history, many sources, by mention the contract of the Prophet(S) with Ali (A) and its connection with Imam Ali’s allegiance to the first caliph as one of the events after Prophet›s death, explain the function of Imam Ali by pursuing different goals. From the point of view of somebody, sermon 37 of Nahj al-Balaghah Includes statements from Imam that is one of the documents justifying the allegiance of Ali (A) to the first caliph and others praise the Imam (A) by adherence to the treaty of the Prophet (S) provide the ground for the people to pledge allegiance to the caliph in the formation of the government. By adopting a descriptive-analytical method this present article seeks, after checking the validity of the sermon in terms of issuance, also analyzes the order and geography of sermon issuance and clarifies the implications of this speech. In the following, it studies the hadith and historical documents of this view. Commentators have not validated the sermon in any period and existing sources lack this sermon and contextually, the sermon, contrary to some people’s views, refers to the covenant and allegiance of the people after the assassination of Uthman with the Imam and citation of the said treaty, in the words and deeds of Imam (A) In order to prove his satisfaction with the caliphate of the first caliph, occupies a very weak position.