Separation of Powers and Citizenship Rights (Study of the Experience of the Fourth and Fifth Powers in Ecuador)

The ideals and aspirations of Ecuador's leaders and elites to establish a system of government based on respect for Citizenship rights and public freedoms have led to specific legislative and executive initiatives in the country's new system of government. Initiated by Ecuador's new constitution, these initiatives could be a good guide for studying and changing the traditional separation of powers structure to further guarantee the nation's fundamental rights. Therefore, in the present descriptive-analytical method, the principles, structure and function of the fourth and fifth powers of Ecuador, which are entitled "Electoral power" and "Citizenship Rights power" alongside the traditional three powers, have been studied. And it has been concluded that in this country, on the one hand, the electorate, which according to the constitution is responsible for guaranteeing the observance of Citizenship rights in elections, while monitoring national and local elections, councils to review and amend laws and regulations that are against the law It has established citizenship and ensuring the observance of citizenship rights in elections, and on the other hand, the fifth branch is responsible for expanding and institutionalizing citizenship rights and preventing the enactment of laws that contradict it. However, in most countries, these functions are exercised through intra-power or supra-power institutions.