Challenges of democracy realization in Iraq with an emphasis on the Kurdistan region (2003 to 2019)

Achieving democracy in Iraq, especially in the Kurdistan region, faces many socio-cultural, economic and political-security challenges which have become an obstacle in the way of democratization. The present article tries to address the question that what are the challenges to achieving democracy in Iraq with a focus on the Kurdish region, and how have they become an obstacle to democratization? In the initial response, it can be acknowledged that "Iraq, and the Kurdistan Region in particular, from 2003 to 2019, a range of challenges on the path to democracy, such as violence against minorities, the emergence of Islamic radicalism, the defeat of nationalism, the crisis of rentierism, and divisions within national elites." And also faced foreign intervention. The findings of the article also confirm the validity of these components along with issues such as an unjust judiciary and unbalanced economic development as obstacles to the realization of democracy in this country. This research uses a combined quantitative and qualitative method in a single study to simultaneously interpret the main question by examining the trends, dimensions and committees. The method of data collection is documentary and from library sources and valid documents and statistics; In addition, this article uses Kurdish sources with a multi-causal approach instead of a single-causal approach. To provide a deeper understanding of the situation of the challenge of non-democracy in Iraq with a focus on climate