Theory of human divine caliphate as a basis for difference and equality in the right to political participation with emphasis on interpretation of

The question of the sovereignty of the people has always been one of the most common questions in political thought. This question has had different answers throughout history. These responses, sometimes expressed in terms of ontology, anthropology, and sometimes with regard to the effects of the transfer of government to the people, have addressed the issue of equality or inequality of individuals in exercising this right. One of the common answers to this question in research that has attempted to understand the above question in Shiite political thought is to pay attention to the theory of human divine caliphate. At first glance, it seems that sovereignty can be equally proven to the people. This means equal voting rights and the like. However, with more precision in this theory, different results can be found. Therefore, in this study we seek to answer the question: "What is the relation between the theory of human divine caliphate and equality in the exercise of the right to participate and vote?" In answer to this question, which was done by an analytical-descriptive method, first The prevailing views in the theory under discussion were emphasized by Sadr's views and then the conclusion was drawn that the attribute of the human divine caliph is an acquired attribute and therefore cannot be a basis for equal participation in the right of participation. However, it can be concluded that "inequality in voting" and generally "inequality in the exercise of sovereignty" can be extracted.