Martyrdom Operation and Protecting Life, in the Five Schools of Jurisprudence

Islamic scholars have paid special attention to "martyrdom operation" (Istishhad) and according to the jurisprudential basis, they have stated the authority and conditions of it. They, also, have considered this Jihad a valuabletype of jihad and martyrdom. Martyrdom operation is a kind of defensivejihad that is done when there is no other way or there is a more importantinterest like protecting Islam; as in "preventing loss", the evidence of protecting Islam has priority, rationally, over the evidence of protecting the life. Theauthority for this type of operation is issued with the necessity for it and withthe permission of a Sharia ruler. Martyrdom operation is different from suicide operation against innocent people, or in other words, suicide withoutreligious evidence; Because the martyrdom operation is carried out with theintention of proximity, its purpose is to preserve the Islamic regime and thehonor of Muslims, and has all jurisprudential and moral conditions whit it;unlike suicide operation, which is carried out against religious rationality,aims to hit Muslims, and in many cases, civilians, women, and children aremartyred; Therefore, the prohibition evidence of suicide does not includemartyrdom operations