Investigating the Relationship between Socio-Economic Poverty and Physical-Functional Deprivation in Isfahan

The forms and effects of urbanization are becoming more and more complex and widespread. In fact, the cities have a higher capacity for housing, prosperity and access to better living opportunities for people. However, urban poverty in the world is spreading rapidly and at a high rate, and despite different views on poverty and global and national programs to combat it, this problem remains a major threat and it confronts cities with effects of inefficiency (Asian Bank, 2014: 11). This issue is especially more important in developing countries (including Iran) and statistics show an increasing trend of inter-class distance and consequently the extent of relative poverty. Due to the mentioned necessity, a large number of thinkers in various fields of social sciences, geography, etc. have addressed the issue of poverty in various dimensions and this issue, along with the importance discussion of justice, has become one of the key issues of the era. Multidimensional poverty today also refers to the fact that poverty is more than inadequate income or deprivation of material resources, as well as the inability to access education, primary health care, clean drinking water or influence political processes and other important factors for the people (UNDP, 2009). Also, in addition to the importance of identifying poor people in various social, economic, etc., understanding the relationship between areas of poverty is also worth serious attention. Because determining how the relationship between different areas of the issue of poverty can play a role in identifying important and priority factors and help better planning for cities. Isfahan is one of the cities in Iran that despite its large population and physical, less research has been done in relation to poverty. In recent decades, with its horizontal expansion, the city has involving several cities, villages or even informal settlements. It has become a city with a heterogeneous social and economic context on the one hand, and physical and functional context on the other hand. Therefore, in this study, the aim is to analyze the level of social and economic poverty and also examine the physical and functional deprivation and poverty in the 15 regions of Isfahan and then analyze the significance of the relationship between the two dimensions. In this regard, based on the review of theoretical and empirical literature, relevant measures have been identified and the information needed to evaluate the measures has been collected through documentary and field interviews. Also, above measures and factors were explained and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (factor analysis, linear regression and Pearson correlation analysis) and GIS and SPSS softwares. The results showed that the greatest impact on socio-economic poverty is related to the variable "average number of people per housing unit" and the lowest impact is related to "population". The impact of "population density" and "migration rate" on socio-economic poverty is low and its significance is denied. Also in the greatest effect on physical-functional poverty is related to the variable "building density" and the least effect is related to the variable "residential per capita". Evidence indicate that the deprivation and welfare of the regions of Isfahan is as follows: In term of socio-economic dimension regions 14 and 15 are very deprived, regions 2, 11 and 12 are deprived, regions 7, 8, 9 and 10 are average and regions 3, 4, 6 and 13 are in the prosperous group and regions 1 and 5 are very prosperous in terms of socio-economic dimension. It becomes. One of the reasons for the severe deprivation in regions 14 and 15 is the informal and marginal settlements of these regions. Meanwhile, until 2013, region 15 was the city of Khorasgan on the eastern outskirts of the city of Isfahan, which was joined to Isfahan by approved by the Cabinet. Agriculture, horticulture and animal farming were considered as the most important occupations of this region which gradually decreased after the drought and water shortage of Zayandeh Rood River. In terms of physical-functional dimension most regions of the east, west and north, including regions 14 also 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 in terms of physical-functional, are very deprived and deprived respectively, which shows the unbalanced distribution of services and low building density. regions 1, 3, 5, and 13 also 6 are respectively prosperous and very prosperous regions in the field of physical-functional. The reasons for this are the high density of construction and the desirable quality of housing materials and the centralized distribution of services and uses in these regions. Regions 4 and 15 were moderate in terms of physical-functional. In addition to the above analyzes, through factor analysis technique, socio-economic and physical-functional variables were aggregated in each dimension and its scores were obtained. The relationship between these two dimensions was obtained through Pearson correlation coefficient of positive 0.594 and the intensity of correlation was calculated as moderate and significant. This relationship means that any regions that is socio-economically deprived is relatively physically-functionally deprived. This indicates that despite the need for areas with social and economic poverty to be addressed and given more attention based on justice-based justice policies, these areas have been ignored and less considered in metropolitan policies in the field of distribution of services and facilities. In other words, the support and priority of urban management in the implementation and implementation of justice and its empowerment should be postponed, which can make poverty relief more difficult and access to opportunities more limited. Due to the imbalance between the distribution of land uses and services in the areas of Isfahan, creating and promoting educational land in 14, 7, 12 and 8 regions; Commercial use in decentralized areas of the city such as 14 and 15, 9 and 4 regions; Establishment of local parks and green spaces in 1, 9, 5 and 13 regions; Sports use is recommended in 10 and 15 regions. While considering the importance of building density in physical-functional possession, it is suggested that building density in 2, 9 and 11 regions have a reasonable and effective increase. It need to mention that in order to control urban poverty in social and economic fields, it is necessary to create a general and inclusive flow among citizens by promoting and informing in this field at different levels so that citizens in each region, the city conditions and their living space. To be informed and through cultural programs, meetings and specialized conferences and holding training courses and production of documents and practical resources in this field, the distance between citizens and professionals and management and governance factors to be reduced and convergent collections to increase the enjoyment and empowerment of urban areas and citizens are created.