Determination and evaluation of applied water and physical and economical productivity of water in vineyards and walnut orchards of Malayer region of Hamadan

Optimal and efficient application of water resources due to the recent water crisis and droughts in the country is very necessary. In this regard, the use of modern irrigation methods is one of the solutions that has been developed to increase water productivity in the country. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the physical and economical efficiency of water in drip and surface irrigation systems and net benefit per cost in vineyards and walnut orchards. In this study, the volume of applied water was calculated by measuring the flow rate of the water source, the number of irrigations and the hours of irrigation in each irrigation. The water requirement was calculated based on the last 10 years of meteorological data and compared with the estimated water requirement in the national water document. Water productivity was estimated based on yield per unit volume of water (CPD), income per unit volume of water (BPD), and net yield per unit volume of water (NBPD). The results showed that drip irrigation method compared to surface irrigation method reduced the applied water of grape and walnut crops by 40 and 54%, respectively. Water productivity in vineyards and walnut orchards in drip irrigation system was calculated as 25.1 and 1.81 and in surface irrigation as 7.8 and 0.88 kg / m3, respectively. Calculated water requirement based on the last ten years of meteorological data in these two products was greater than the value stated in the National Water Document. Comparison of the average amount of applied water with the calculated water requirement indicated a deficit irrigation in most of the studied gardens. Comparison of Economic productivity of water in the two crops showed that this index in drip irrigation method is much higher than surface irrigation method. Net yield index per unit of water used (NBPD) in drip irrigation method in grape and walnut crops are 231 and 117, respectively, and in surface irrigation method 110 and 115 thousand Rials per cubic meter.