Archaeological landscape of Kashfarud basin (Mashhad plain) from Neolithic to Middle Bronze

Cultural landscape for the first time in 1920 has been used in many sciences. In archeology, this approach is called landscape archeology, which deals with human interaction and its cultural and environmental domain. Kashfarud River is the main vital artery and water source of Mashhad plain, therefore, Kashfarud basin has always been considered by researchers as the oldest basin and cultural landscape of Iran due to the works of the ancient Paleolithic period. Biology is the study of the relationship between man and the nature around him. Human impact from this natural environment has always caused spatial differentiation in terms of population density and habitation and has led to the formation of specific patterns of habitation in different ancient periods. In the present study, environmental factors and their role in shaping space Human habitats in the prehistoric period (from Neolithic to Middle Bronze Age) Mashhad city have been studied and their distribution model has been identified. The scope of the present study is Kashfarud catchment as the main artery within the political boundaries of Mashhad city) Mashhad plain).