Analysis of the factors affecting the formation of the booty system in the economy of the Ghaznavid state in the early period (351 421 AH)

The slaves under Alpetikin did not rely on certain financial resources in their group movement independent of the Samanid government. Therefore, from the beginning of moving and settling in Ghazni city (351 AH), they based their required financial resources on the system of booty. However, their target groups were more than non-Muslims in India, which in this sense also gave their plunder religious legitimacy. This process is accompanied by a period of interruption in the period of several of Alpetikin successors; It resumed with the coming to power of Sabuktikin (386-366 AH). And in the time of Sultan Mahmud (388-421 AH) it had become the most important component of their economic resources. The main question is why the economy of Ghaznavids in the early period was driven to rely on the system of booty? The obvious assumptions are that religious motives or so-called jihad in the way of God and the spread of Islam, as well as economic motives and the plunder of India's wealth have been effective in this regard. The present paper uses historical description and analysis method, while validating the above motives, has presented another important factor, namely the change in Ghaznavid land relations as an alternative factor in this field as a result of Amir Sabuktikin reforms in preventing the troops from engaging in agriculture and revoking their land ownership.