Analysis on Relation between Tenure Security and Inhabitant's Willingness for Participating in Improving Informal Settlement(Case Study: Koshtargah Neighborhood in Urmia)

Tenure security is one of the primary rights of households that its lack leads to economic, social, psychological and political challenges. In recent years, special attention has been given to tenure in security in improving informal settlements, in such a way that in 2003 and 2006 this has been on the main research pivots on informal settlements in UN-HABITAT. Thus, tenure security has become a deprivation index in settlements. Tenure in security is much more than simply examining legal title deeds, and now involves social, economic and life-quality indexes. In recent years, scientific and practical experience on tenure security index indicate that the expensive process of title deeds issuance has made the inhabitants reluctant to pursue the mentioned process due to their financial inability, and also because of powerful and influential forces in land market, land hoarding and speculation have come into existence. Indeed, de facto and supra legal and perceived indexes along with legal ones, hold sway on tenure security scale in informal settlements. In this research, relation of tenure security with habitant's willingness for improving Koshtargah neighborhood in Urmia is examined. In examining this participation relation, 13 explanatory indexes of tenure security through factor analysis, in three following factors: de facto tenure security, legal and perceived tenure security factors have been used. In examining inhabitant's willingness, three indexes namely significance of neighborhood problems, willingness for participation in problem – solving and cooperating with urban organizations of Urmia used. Research method is descriptive – analytical, and survey as well as questionnaire and factor analysis techniques, along with multiple regression and Pearson correlation coefficient for analyzing raw materials are utilized. Results show security of tenure in the Koshtargah neighborhood beside indexes such as type of ownership and title depends on indexes of extralegal and perceptual such term residence, access to employment opportunities, the correlation of local organizations, fear of discharge or likely discharge rate. Willingness of residents to participate in the improvement and organization of the neighborhood is too much moderate this indicates that residents are concerned with the problems in their neighborhood and the person or partnership with Urmia urban management institutions, are trying to reduce them. The relationship between the amount of security of tenure and willingness to participate in the organization of the area has shown that: no relation between legal tenure security (type of ownership and title deed) and inhabitant's willingness for participation in Koshtargah neighborhood. Meanwhile, inhabitant's motive for participation is largely depended on explanatory indexes in perceived tenure security. In a general conclusion it can be said that the title of the most basic indicators of the degree of security of tenure especially in societies such as Iran, but it was not meant to lack of security of tenure. In addition, other factors that are de facto aspects (supra legal) and had conception of reality in informal settlements have been effective in tenure security and the motivation of households living in these areas contribute to its location adds to reduce the problems are in their location.