An Attitude towards Social and Cultural Criticism of Poets of Constitutional period and Pahlavi I

Cultural and social criticism is one of the important topics in the constitutional period and the first Pahlavi that is reflected in the poetry of some poets of this period. This critical approach is the result of the content view of a group of constitutionalists and, in a way, the result of the challenge between tradition and modernity. In their poems, these poets criticized individuals, groups, classes, issues and themes that, under the influence of tradition, had taken a steady and unchangeable form and were considered as obstacles to the progress and renewal of society. In this article, in the form of diagrams, the frequency of application of social and cultural issues in the poetry of the poets in question is shown and analyzed.

The method of data collection in this study is a library and documents that have been analyzed and processed in the form of data graphs.

Although the dominant discourse on the eve of the Constitutional Revolution was political, the discourse of cultural and social criticism gradually found a suitable place in the context of the developments of Iranian society and the role of literature and especially poetry in the creation and spread of this discourse has been very significant. The first constitutional and Pahlavi period in terms of critical social and cultural approaches is more than other critical periods of Persian poetry, and the poet's poetry changes from his "I" to "us".

The overall result of the research is based on the fact that the poets of this important historical and cultural period addressed the cultural and social pathology of Iranian society and criticized the wrong behavior, actions and ideas that have been deposited in the minds of Iranians over time. They were trying to improve their lives and human relations.