Optimal location and operation planning of charging and discharging stations of electric vehicles using metaheuristic algorithms

Charging stations are one of the most important pieces of equipment for electric vehicles (EV). One of the most important challenges of charging stations is their optimal location, which practically puts the operation of the system components in the maximum area. Distribution networks are the final link in the electricity supply chain for consumers. Therefore, the economic and technical efficiency of these networks guarantees a stable and secure future in the electricity industry. In this regard, it is very important to study the role of EVstations. This paper investigates, the optimal location of charging and discharging stations and the optimal operation planning of Evs in a distribution network. The effective factors in choosing the location and the optimal charging and discharging rate in the stations are a combination of technical and economic issues. Regarding technical issues, the minimization of losses, the minimization of voltage drop in feeders and the uniformity of the network load curve were considered. In the economic field, the stations were located and the charging and discharging rates were determined in such a way that the charge and discharge costs in the stations and the total cost paid for the purchase of power were minimized as much as possible. In order To manage the load on the consumer side and to unify the load curve, the price-based demand response program was considered and implemented in the simulations.To find the optimal working point, genetic metaheuristic algorithms, genetic combination-particle swarm and genetic combination-colonial competition were used. All simulations were performed in MATLAB software To evaluate the proposed methods, validation was performed in each part on the IEEE standard testing system with a bus number of 69.