Sultan’s Status in Sayyid Ali Hamadani’s Mystical Ideas Regarding the Complete

In the 8th century AH, Muslim mystics became influenced by Ibn Arabi’s mystical ideas of the complete human being in presenting their political ideas. Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani is one of such Muslim mystics who believed in the governance of complete human beings; this form of governance had been established by prophets and divine entities who had religious and political authority simultaneously. Although the establishment of this form of government if Hamadani’s ideal, he was faced by the Muslim sultans of his era in the 8th century AH (Tamerlane in Iran and Muslim rulers of Kashmir regions). Thus, he was forced to consider their rule legitimate, and put the sultan in the status of a complete human being and charge him with the duty of observing a complete human’s good and ethical deeds in ruling. The current study focuses on the question that why in the absence of prophets and divine entities as complete humans, Hamadani gives such status to sultans. His goal was the observance of political ethics taken from a complete human in sultans’ behavior so that in the absence of a complete humans, a representation of their behavior is transferred to the rulers of his time. The current study has attempted to investigate this topic through making use of historical sources and applying analytical and descriptive methodologies, and has explained Sayyid Ali Hamadani’s political ideas in the establishment of the most appropriate forms of government in the Islamic world.