Some Applications of the BB84 Quantum Encryption Protocol and Related Simulations and Security AnalysisS

Quantum cryptography or quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technique that allows a bit stream to be used as a key in cryptographic protocols by protecting its distribution. Extensive studies began when it was observed that quantum computers can break public key cryptography based on the number theory. The use of quantum cryptography provides complete security and confidentiality and has proven invincible against major attacks for decryption. Although the security of quantum cryptographic protocols has been mathematically proven, it should be emphasized that its implementation in the real world suffers from the limitations of physical devices, which in turn can make it vulnerable to misuse by eavesdroppers. The result of these studies has been the introduction of the first quantum key distribution protocol called the BB84 protocol. The purpose of this article is to study some if its applications, and then explain and review the protocol structure, implementation, and security analysis.