Great spiritual thinkers impact on socio-political developments in Iran between two revolutions (from 1285 to 1357)

The aim of this paper is to clarify the constitutional position of great spiritual leaders who had comparative- historical nature in seventy years of Mashroteh either officially or unofficially. This has been done by using information gathered through the study of literature, texts, references, various documents and first and second hand sources whether written or non-written. Also this study is to investigate these elites’ effect on the political and social changes of that time and the role of ruling power. Through the social changes our society was despotic, underdeveloped and nomadic, where king was the only power and people were illiterate and popular, but Qajar kings required gaining the approval of religious scholars and clergymen (who were one of the most influential groups in the society after Safavids) in order to have political legitimacy. At that time political power was legitimated only with the support and approval of clergymen and despite the revolution against these functions, because of the lack of strong central government and the absence of a standing army they could not make fundamental and structural changes in Iran. In Pahlavi’s time clergymen were totally excluded from political legitimacy.