Improvement of Growth Factor and Nutrients Elements in Treated Pistachio Seedlings by some Symbiotic Fungi in Presence of Meloidogyne javanica

Root-knot nematode is one of the most important pistachio diseases which which causes huge damage to pistachio trees in recent years. The present study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of arbuscular mycorrhizal species including Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, F. caledonius and Tricoderma aureoviride and T. harzianum on growth factors and nutrients uptake in Meliodogyne Javanica inoculated seedling under greenhouse conditions. Overall, mixed inoculations of pistachio seedling with arbuscular mycorrhizal, Tricoderma species and nematorin resulted in the highest amount of shoot fresh and dry weight by 184 and 74.76%, followed by 129.3 and 74 % in mixture including arbuscular mycorrhizal and Trichoderma species, respectively, compared with no-inoculation control seedling. Fresh and dry weight of shoot in inoculations of seedling with mycorrhiza, mycorrhiza-Trichoderma and Trichoderma increased by 129.26, 86.58 and 68.75, 53.12 % compared to no-inoculated seedling, fresh and dry weight of roots in mycorrhiza and mycorrhizal Trichoderma- Trichoderma-nematicide were 153.67, 168.60 and 71.75 and 162.79% higher than those inoculated with M. javanica. The uptake of P, Zn and Cu in inoculated seedling with arbuscular mycorrhizal and Tricoderma species was increased, significantly. Phosphorus and potassium levels in mycorrhiza and mycorrhiza- Trichoderma treatments were increased 101.99% and 103.62%, respectively, in the presence of M. javanica compared to no-inoculated seedling. Based on the improvement of growth parameters, nutrients uptake, biocontrol capability, arbuscular mycorrhizal and Trichoderma species may be useful strategy to reduce the damage of root knot nematode, which required further research.