The Role and Position of Hunayn ibn Ishaq and Ibn Sina in the Evolution of Ophthalmological Science

With the establishment of the Abbasids, the influence of the Iranians, the transfer of science to Baghdad, and the establishment of the House of Wisdom, scientific activity flourished there and Muslims made advances in various branches of sciences, especially medicine. The abundance of books on ophthalmology indicates the success of this field of medicine compared to the other branches of medicine. The present study was conducted to investigate the extent of ophthalmological changes from the third to the fifth century (AH). The results of the study were obtained by a comparative study of the books of the two physicians, namely Ibn Ishaq and Ibn Sina. Ibn Ishaq (1944-264 AH) owes his book "Ophthalmology", as the first book of ophthalmology including some references, to Greek physicians and the use of Greek words, but Ibn Sina (428-370 AH), in the eye section of the Book of Law, as the most significant medical work of the Golden Age, in addition to changing the names,  has introduced more diseases that are the product of his experiences, and also the Book of Law has a better logical and intellectual coherence that has certainly been affected by his philosophical knowledge.